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NP2 > Neuro , Vision, Hearing, Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Neuro , Vision, Hearing, Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Expressive Aphasia

A

They understand what you say but can not reply. Very frustrating for them.

ASK YES OR NO QUESTIONS

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2
Q

Increased Inter-cranial pressure(ICP)

Cushing Triad

A
  1. systolic hypertension
  2. bradycardia
  3. altered respirations (up or down)
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3
Q

1st thing to give in ER for ICP

it is a diuretic - hypertonic

A

Mannitol

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4
Q

prodrome

A

strange symptoms right before get migraine or cluster headaches

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5
Q

aura

A

another word for prodrome…strange symptoms right before get migraine or cluster headaches

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6
Q

clonic

A

jerking

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7
Q

tonic

A

stiffening

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8
Q

atonic

A

just fall over during seizure, no jerking or stiffening

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9
Q

akinesia

A

loss of skilled voluntary movement

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10
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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11
Q

aphasia

A

rare, total loss in comprehension and use of language

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12
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty with language

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13
Q

dysarthria

A

loss of muscle control of speech

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14
Q

agnosia

A

unable to recognize familiar objects, like body part or shoe or spoon

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15
Q

apraxia

A

unable to carry out learned sequential movements. ex: brush teeth
* can do on own, but if asked can’t remember the steps

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16
Q

classic Triad of PD (Parkinson’s Disease)

A
  1. tremor
  2. rigididy
  3. bradykinesia

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: will diagnose when have 2 of 3

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17
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness of movement

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18
Q

diploplia

A

seen in MS patients

double vision

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19
Q

ataxia

A

uncoordinated

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20
Q

disarthria

A

can’t control mouth muscles - speech problems and dysphagia

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21
Q

CVA

A

Brain Attack

Cerebro vascular accident

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22
Q

4 Modifiable risk factors for CVA

A
  1. hypertension
  2. smoking
  3. obesity
    4 inactivity
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23
Q

4 Non Modifiable Risks for CVA

A
  1. ↑ age
  2. gender - male
  3. race -African American
  4. heredity
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24
Q

Drugs to prevent CVA

A

anti-platelets:
Aspirin
Plavix
Ticlid (teach to look for tarry stools)

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25
Q

Drug given for Ischemic CVA

A

tpa : recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
needs to be given w/in 1st three hours from attack, after
3 not as successful.
Thrombolytic, dissolves clots, most dangerous - given by IV

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26
Q

Increased ICP manifestations

A

ICP = Inter Cranial Pressure

  1. posturing: decerbrate or decorticate
  2. Headache
  3. Projectile vomiting (not preceded by nausea)
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27
Q

Meningitis can lead to

A

ICP

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28
Q

2 Types Meningitis

A
  1. Bacterial - med emergency, will lead to death 100% of time w/out interventions
  2. Viral - self limiting - will heal by self with few interventions
29
Q

Migraines usually have a

A

triggering event, most people know what triggers theirs

30
Q

Common Food triggers for Migraine

A 
chocolate   cheese   oranges   tomatoes
onions   alcohol (red wine)    aspartame
msg (food additive - flavoring)
31
Q

Migraine without ____________ is most common

A

aura or prodrome

32
Q

unique symptom of Cluster headaches

and 2 others

A

conjunctival injection - unilateral swelling of eyelid (one side)

other side effects:
lacrimation (excessive tearing)
miosis (constriction of pupils)

33
Q

paroxysmal

A

sudden or uncontrolled - no warning (seizures)

34
Q

New name for Epilepsy

A

seizure disorder

35
Q

Generalized seizure

A

used to be called Grand Mall, BOTH SIDES OF BRAIN INVOLVED

36
Q

Partial Seizure

A

focal irritation only ONE SIDE OF BRAIN INVOLVED

37
Q

Status Elipticus

A

a seizure that does not end in the normal time frame
2 causes: patient stops taking drugs, or drugs not at therapeutic level (frequent blood tests needed) TEACH PATIENT

If lasts more than 5 minutes = brain damage

38
Q

Med to stop Status Elipticus

A

Valium, will stop in about 30 secondsIV or IM but IV works the fastest

39
Q

Normal seizures last about

A

1 minute (they are self limiting)

40
Q

Complications Parkinson’s disease

A

constipation memory loss dysphagia
depression anxiety apathy
fatigue pain

41
Q

chorea

A

abnormal, excessive, involuntary movements.

As seen in Huntington’s

42
Q

5 Interventions for Alzheimer’s Patients

A
  1. validate their feelings
  2. provide calm environment
  3. pain control
  4. give them some control: clothes, food, when to bathe
  5. Diversion - family, TV, reminisce, pictures
43
Q

presbycusis

A

hearing loss due to aging

44
Q

Medical term for Meniere’s Disease

A

endolymphatichydrops
an increase of endylymph in inner ear labyrinth
s/s vertigo, dizziness

45
Q

POAG

A

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
have time to work with this one,
usually no symptoms NO PAIN, NO BLURRINESS
found in eye exam, will have peripheral vision loss
can give Mannitol, will decrease pressure

46
Q

PACG

A 
Primary angle closed glaucoma
ACUTE - ER
can cause blindness immediately
sudden pain, nausea, vomiting
will see halo around objects
red, swollen, edema
NEED SX IMMEDIATELY
47
Q

IOP

A

Intra occular pressure

48
Q

mitotic drops for eyes…

A

constrict (warn patient decrease in visual acuity especially in dim light ex: pylocarpine)

49
Q

mydriatic drops for eyes…

A

dilate

50
Q

punctal occlusion

A

put pressure with finger on lacrimal duct for 2 minutes so med does not become systemic

51
Q

6 P’s of Cast Syndrome

A
  1. pressure
  2. pain
  3. parasthesias
  4. pulselessness
  5. pallor - coolness
  6. paralysis
52
Q

Cast vs. compartment syndrome

A 
cast = specific to pressure on abdomen, (jacket cast, single or double spica)
compartment = includes cast, can be anywhere on body
53
Q

most common symptom of hip fracture

A

external rotation

other s/s: fractured side shorter, severe pain, muscle spasms

54
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation

patch and pins, no prosthetics

55
Q

Hip Replacement

A

has prosthesis

56
Q

Hip Precautions

A

high risk for dislocation - use abductor splint, no crossing of legs EVER, not flex more than 90%. DO NOT turn on to affected side

57
Q

Common complications of amputations

A

contractures. Be sure lay prone 3-4 times a day for 30 minutes. Don’t sit in chair longer than 1 hour.

58
Q

Most Common Antibiotic for Osteomylitis

A

Gentamicin
Drug Alert: TEACH PATIENT: risk for toxicity for Gentamicin: visual, hearing, visual. Once hearing lost, can’t get it back.

59
Q

Osteitis Deformans

A

Padget’s Disease
Excessive bone resorption
Marrow replaced with vascular fibrous tissue
S/S: bone pain, short, head bigger
Treat w/ analgesics, NSAIDS, just treat symptoms

60
Q

Osteomalacia and drug that can cause

A

Rickets (in children)
Vit D def, decalcification, soft bones
bone pain, mobility issues
Replace vit D, calcium and phosphorus

Dliantin - phentoyn

61
Q

Foods high in Vit D, calcium and phosphorus

A

eggs nonfat milk fish

vegetables sunshine exercise

62
Q

crepidation

A

sound or feeling of grating (in arthritis)

63
Q

Occasional Symptom in OA

A

Herberden’s and Brouchard’s Nodes

red, swollen and tender areas

64
Q

Onset symptoms of RA

A

fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, generalized weakness

65
Q

CRP

A

C reactive protien

Useful test, indicates autoimmune disorder (RA) and effectiveness of medicines

66
Q

RF Factor

A

blood test for RA, however, only 80% who have will be positive

67
Q

Diagnose RA need 4 of which 7 symptoms

A

4 of 7 for 6 weeks

  1. morning stiffness > 1 hour
  2. swelling in 3 or more joints
  3. swelling in hand joints
  4. symmetrical swelling
  5. X-Ray show erosion
  6. nodules
  7. RF positive
68
Q

Drugs for Gout

A

colchicine (takes 24-48 hours to work)
cozaar (s/e ↓ BP)
pain meds

69
Q

Foods ↑ in Uric Acid

A

Avoid when have gout
organ meats - liver, kidneys, testicles
↑ fluids
↓ alcohol

NP2 (8 decks)

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