Neuro , Vision, Hearing, Musculoskeletal Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
Expressive Aphasia
A
They understand what you say but can not reply. Very frustrating for them.
ASK YES OR NO QUESTIONS
2
Q
Increased Inter-cranial pressure(ICP)
Cushing Triad
A
- systolic hypertension
- bradycardia
- altered respirations (up or down)
3
Q
1st thing to give in ER for ICP
it is a diuretic - hypertonic
A
Mannitol
4
Q
prodrome
A
strange symptoms right before get migraine or cluster headaches
5
Q
aura
A
another word for prodrome…strange symptoms right before get migraine or cluster headaches
6
Q
clonic
A
jerking
7
Q
tonic
A
stiffening
8
Q
atonic
A
just fall over during seizure, no jerking or stiffening
9
Q
akinesia
A
loss of skilled voluntary movement
10
Q
dysphagia
A
difficulty swallowing
11
Q
aphasia
A
rare, total loss in comprehension and use of language
12
Q
dysphasia
A
difficulty with language
13
Q
dysarthria
A
loss of muscle control of speech
14
Q
agnosia
A
unable to recognize familiar objects, like body part or shoe or spoon
15
Q
apraxia
A
unable to carry out learned sequential movements. ex: brush teeth
* can do on own, but if asked can’t remember the steps
16
Q
classic Triad of PD (Parkinson’s Disease)
A
- tremor
- rigididy
- bradykinesia
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: will diagnose when have 2 of 3
17
Q
bradykinesia
A
extreme slowness of movement
18
Q
diploplia
A
seen in MS patients
double vision
19
Q
ataxia
A
uncoordinated
20
Q
disarthria
A
can’t control mouth muscles - speech problems and dysphagia
21
Q
CVA
A
Brain Attack
Cerebro vascular accident
22
Q
4 Modifiable risk factors for CVA
A
- hypertension
- smoking
- obesity
4 inactivity
23
Q
4 Non Modifiable Risks for CVA
A
- ↑ age
- gender - male
- race -African American
- heredity
24
Q
Drugs to prevent CVA
A
anti-platelets:
Aspirin
Plavix
Ticlid (teach to look for tarry stools)
25
Drug given for Ischemic CVA
tpa : recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
needs to be given w/in 1st three hours from attack, after
3 not as successful.
Thrombolytic, dissolves clots, most dangerous - given by IV
26
Increased ICP manifestations
ICP = Inter Cranial Pressure
1. posturing: decerbrate or decorticate
2. Headache
3. Projectile vomiting (not preceded by nausea)
27
Meningitis can lead to
ICP
28
2 Types Meningitis
1. Bacterial - med emergency, will lead to death 100% of time w/out interventions
2. Viral - self limiting - will heal by self with few interventions
29
Migraines usually have a
triggering event, most people know what triggers theirs
30
Common Food triggers for Migraine
```
chocolate cheese oranges tomatoes
onions alcohol (red wine) aspartame
msg (food additive - flavoring)
```
31
Migraine without ____________ is most common
aura or prodrome
32
unique symptom of Cluster headaches
| and 2 others
conjunctival injection - unilateral swelling of eyelid (one side)
other side effects:
lacrimation (excessive tearing)
miosis (constriction of pupils)
33
paroxysmal
sudden or uncontrolled - no warning (seizures)
34
New name for Epilepsy
seizure disorder
35
Generalized seizure
used to be called Grand Mall, BOTH SIDES OF BRAIN INVOLVED
36
Partial Seizure
focal irritation only ONE SIDE OF BRAIN INVOLVED
37
Status Elipticus
a seizure that does not end in the normal time frame
2 causes: patient stops taking drugs, or drugs not at therapeutic level (frequent blood tests needed) TEACH PATIENT
If lasts more than 5 minutes = brain damage
38
Med to stop Status Elipticus
Valium, will stop in about 30 secondsIV or IM but IV works the fastest
39
Normal seizures last about
1 minute (they are self limiting)
40
Complications Parkinson's disease
constipation memory loss dysphagia
depression anxiety apathy
fatigue pain
41
chorea
abnormal, excessive, involuntary movements.
| As seen in Huntington's
42
5 Interventions for Alzheimer's Patients
1. validate their feelings
2. provide calm environment
3. pain control
4. give them some control: clothes, food, when to bathe
5. Diversion - family, TV, reminisce, pictures
43
presbycusis
hearing loss due to aging
44
Medical term for Meniere's Disease
endolymphatichydrops
an increase of endylymph in inner ear labyrinth
s/s vertigo, dizziness
45
POAG
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
have time to work with this one,
usually no symptoms NO PAIN, NO BLURRINESS
found in eye exam, will have peripheral vision loss
can give Mannitol, will decrease pressure
46
PACG
```
Primary angle closed glaucoma
ACUTE - ER
can cause blindness immediately
sudden pain, nausea, vomiting
will see halo around objects
red, swollen, edema
NEED SX IMMEDIATELY
```
47
IOP
Intra occular pressure
48
mitotic drops for eyes...
constrict (warn patient decrease in visual acuity especially in dim light ex: pylocarpine)
49
mydriatic drops for eyes...
dilate
50
punctal occlusion
put pressure with finger on lacrimal duct for 2 minutes so med does not become systemic
51
6 P's of Cast Syndrome
1. pressure
2. pain
3. parasthesias
4. pulselessness
5. pallor - coolness
6. paralysis
52
Cast vs. compartment syndrome
```
cast = specific to pressure on abdomen, (jacket cast, single or double spica)
compartment = includes cast, can be anywhere on body
```
53
most common symptom of hip fracture
external rotation
| other s/s: fractured side shorter, severe pain, muscle spasms
54
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
| patch and pins, no prosthetics
55
Hip Replacement
has prosthesis
56
Hip Precautions
high risk for dislocation - use abductor splint, no crossing of legs EVER, not flex more than 90%. DO NOT turn on to affected side
57
Common complications of amputations
contractures. Be sure lay prone 3-4 times a day for 30 minutes. Don't sit in chair longer than 1 hour.
58
Most Common Antibiotic for Osteomylitis
Gentamicin
Drug Alert: TEACH PATIENT: risk for toxicity for Gentamicin: visual, hearing, visual. Once hearing lost, can't get it back.
59
Osteitis Deformans
Padget's Disease
Excessive bone resorption
Marrow replaced with vascular fibrous tissue
S/S: bone pain, short, head bigger
Treat w/ analgesics, NSAIDS, just treat symptoms
60
Osteomalacia and drug that can cause
Rickets (in children)
Vit D def, decalcification, soft bones
bone pain, mobility issues
Replace vit D, calcium and phosphorus
Dliantin - phentoyn
61
Foods high in Vit D, calcium and phosphorus
eggs nonfat milk fish
| vegetables sunshine exercise
62
crepidation
sound or feeling of grating (in arthritis)
63
Occasional Symptom in OA
Herberden's and Brouchard's Nodes
| red, swollen and tender areas
64
Onset symptoms of RA
fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, generalized weakness
65
CRP
C reactive protien
| Useful test, indicates autoimmune disorder (RA) and effectiveness of medicines
66
RF Factor
blood test for RA, however, only 80% who have will be positive
67
Diagnose RA need 4 of which 7 symptoms
4 of 7 for 6 weeks
1. morning stiffness > 1 hour
2. swelling in 3 or more joints
3. swelling in hand joints
4. symmetrical swelling
5. X-Ray show erosion
6. nodules
7. RF positive
68
Drugs for Gout
colchicine (takes 24-48 hours to work)
cozaar (s/e ↓ BP)
pain meds
69
Foods ↑ in Uric Acid
Avoid when have gout
organ meats - liver, kidneys, testicles
↑ fluids
↓ alcohol
