Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

semester 5 > neuro500 (class 1 spinal cord) > Flashcards

neuro500 (class 1 spinal cord) Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what protects spinal cord?

A

bony verterbral column

meninges

space w/ CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

meninges – 3 covers

A

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pia mater

mater=mother
arachnoid=spider
dura=tough
pia=soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

spaces b/w meninges

A

epidural (outside dura mater)

subdural space
(b/w dura mater & arachnoid mater)

subarachnoid space
(b/w arachnoid and pia mater)

NO SPACE UNDER PIA MATER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dura mater

A

-superficial layer

-dense irregular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

arachnoid mater

A

-middle layer

-avascular

-delicate collagen fibers and some elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pia mater

A

-innermost layer

-thin & transparent

-adheres to surface of spinal cord & brain

-lots of blood vessels to supply spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

denticulate ligaments of PIA MATER

A
  • extensions of pia mater that suspend the spinal cord in the middle
    -protect against sudden displacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spinal cord external anatomy

shape
length

A

Shape: oval (flattened anteriorly and posteriorly)

Length: medulla oblongata to L2
(in newborns it goes to L3 or L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

two ENLARGEMENTS of spinal cord

A

cervical enlargement
-from C4 to T1
-nerves to and from the arms

(lumbar enlargement)
-from T9 to T12
-nerves to and from legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Conus medullaris

A

-end of the spinal cord

-ends between L1 and L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Filum terminale

A

-extension of pia mater that runs
from conus medullaris to coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cauda equina

A

-the spinal nerve roots at the end of
the spinal cord don’t exit the
vertebral column at the same level
that they exit the cord, they fan out
like a horse’s tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)

A

local anasthetic given

long hollow needle used

inserted into subarachnoid space
—> withdraw CSF
(for Dx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spinal cord internal anatomy

A

white matter

gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

white matter

A

bundles of myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Grey matter

A

= dendrites and cell bodies of neurons

= unmyelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what forms spinal nerve?

A

anterior and posterior rootlets join to form anterior & posterior roots

roots join together to form spinal nn

spinal nerve = ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR RAMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

root ganglia –> where is it?

A

POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT

(DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

CELL BODIES OF SENSORY NEURONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ganglion deifne

A

“This is a plural term for “ganglion.” Ganglia are groups of nerves or brain cells that are closely related.”

“They might share connections and jobs or work together as part of a bigger subsystem of your nervous system.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GRAY MATTER “butterfly” shape

A

ANTERIOR GRAY HORNS

POSTEIROR GRAY HORNS

LATERAL GRAY HORNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

posterior gray horns

A

-incoming sensory axons

-cell bodies of interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anterior gray horns

A

-somatic motor cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lateral Grey Horns

A

-only in thoracic spine and upper
lumbar spine

-autonomic motor cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
cell bodies of sensory neruons
dorsla root ganglia
26
cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
anteiror gray horns
27
cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
lateral gray horns
28
CELL BODIES OF INTERNEURONS
POSTERIOR GRAY HORN
29
so if cell bodies of sensory neurons are dorsal root ganglia, what part of sensory neurons is in POSTERIOR GRAY HORN?
SENSORY AXONS
30
how to tell front from back of SPINAL CORD?
FISSURE ON ANTERIOR OR POSTERIOR ROOT GANGLIA OR ANTERIOR GRAY HORN (larger end of butterfly)
31
LATERAL GRAY HORNS ONLY PRESENT @ WHICH LEVEL OF SPINAL CORD?
-only in thoracic spine and upper lumbar spine (WHY? b/c ANS)
32
POSTEIROR MEDIAN SULCUS (of spinal cord)
"The posterior median sulcus, also known as the dorsal median sulcus, is a shallow groove found in the midline of the posterior aspect of the spinal cord, medulla oblongata and pons. In the spinal cord, it is the external boundary of the posterior median septum"
33
Anterior median fissure
"The anterior median fissure of the spinal cord is a deep midline groove of the anterior spinal cord. It divides the white matter of the anterior spinal cord nearly in two."
34
gray commissure
"The gray commissure is a thin band of gray matter in the spinal cord that connects the two sides of the cord. It surrounds the central canal, which contains cerebrospinal fluid."
35
Central canal
"The central canal is located in the anterior third of the spinal cord in the cervical and thoracic regions." "In the lumbar spine it enlarges and is located more centrally." "At the conus medullaris [end of spinal cord], where the spinal cord tapers, it is located more posteriorly."
36
anterior white commissure
"The anterior white commissure (ventral white commissure) is a bundle of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord just anterior (in front of) to the gray commissure"
37
tracts
bundles of axons in the CNS
38
nerves
bundles of axons in the PNS
39
Nuclei
clusters of cell bodies in the CNS
40
Ganglion
clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
41
spinal nerve coverings
endoneurium perineurium epineurium
42
vasa nervorum
"The vasa nervorum are an irregular source of nutrition that supplies each peripheral nerve from the adjacent blood vessels." (DIABETIC NEUROPATHY)
43
endoneurium
- innermost layer - wraps individual axon
44
perineurium
- middle layer - wraps fascicles
45
epineurium
- outer layer - wraps entire nerve
46
anterior (ventral) ramus of spinal nerve
everywhere except head/spinal&back
47
posteiror (dorsal) ramus of spinal nerve
to ESGs/skin in that area
48
MENINGEAL BRANCH
to meninges
49
so 4 branches of spinal nerve
posterior ramus anterior ramus meningeal branch RAMI COMMUNICANTES
50
rami communicantes
"When used without further definition, it almost always refers to a communicating branch between a spinal nerve and the sympathetic trunk. More specifically, it usually refers to one of the following : Gray ramus communicans White ramus communicans " "Thoracic ganglia send grey rami communicantes to their adjacent body wall. They supply blood vessels, sweat glands, and arrectores pilorum muscles. Lumbar ganglia have grey rami communicantes that rejoin the appropriate spinal nerves to supply the abdominal wall and lower limbs."
51
classification of nerve injury
Neurapraxia Axonotmesis Neurotmesis
52
Neurapraxia
neur a = not praxia = action - first degree nerve injury - mild focal compression (causing a conduction block) - segmental demyelination - reversible in hours to months - no break in the fiber - (motor function loss)
53
Axonotmesis
axon tmesis = sever/cut - second degree nerve injury - prolonged, severe compression - endoneurium intact - prognosis > 6 months - sensory, motor and autonomic loss
54
axonotmesis involves ____
- Wallerian Degeneration (degeneration of the axon, distal to injury)
55
- Wallerian Degeneration
Wallerian degeneration is an active process of anterograde degeneration of the distal end of an axon that is a result of a nerve lesion.
56
Neurotmesis
- third degree nerve injury - damaged endoneurium - Wallerian Degeneration - hard to regenerate - surgical intervention to suture
57
surgically fixing nerves?
suturing ends together
58
CSF in which space?
subarachnoid
59
pia mater extension inferior
filum terminale
60
pia mater extension to spinal cord
denticulate ligs
61
foramen magnum to L2
spinal cord
62
spinal cor becomes
cauda equina
63
white matter divided to
posterior column anterior column lateral columns
64
neurapraxia
segmental demyelination
65
2nd degree nerve injury
axonotmesis wallerian degeneration --> same spot (and everything distal)
66
neurotmesis
wallerian degeneration also, (but endoneurium is not intact)
67

semester 5 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions