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PSGY1003 Biological Psychology > neuroanatomy 1 > Flashcards

neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

what is the nervous system divided into?

A

central nervous system
peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

what is the central nervous system (CNS) made up of?

A

brain
spinal cord

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3
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) made up of?

A
  • nerves
  • connects all different organs to the central nervous system
  • motor pathways
  • sensory pathways
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4
Q

what do motor pathways involve?

A

sends information to muscles from nervous system

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5
Q

what do sensory pathways involve?

A

these bring information from sensory systems in to the central nervous system

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6
Q

Identify 3 main structures of the brain

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain Stem
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7
Q

Define contralateral

A

opposite side

i.e.: left side of brain control the contralateral side of body

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8
Q

Define Ipsilateral

A

same side

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9
Q

How much blood flow from heart goes to the brain?

A

20%

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10
Q

What is the anterior (rostral) part of the brain?

A

front of brain

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11
Q

What is the posterior (caudal) part of the brain?

A

back of the brain

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11
Q

What is the dorsal (superior) part of the brain?

A

top of the brain

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12
Q

What is the inferior (ventral) part of the brain?

A

bottom of the brain

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13
Q

define medial

A

towards the middle

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14
Q

define lateral

A

towards the side

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15
Q

define frontal/coronal plane

A

means parallel to your forehead

imagine slicing through brain parallel to forehead

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16
Q

define sagittal plane

A

means the side view

imagine slicing through the brain, through the nose

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17
Q

define horizontal plane

A

means the plane is parallel to the ground

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18
Q

what is grey matter made up of?

A

cell bodies and dendrites

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19
Q

identify parts of the brain that are made up of grey matter

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A

cortex

basal ganglia

thalamus

20
Q

what is white matter made up of?

Study These Flashcards
A

myelinated axons

21
Q

give an example of a white matter structure

Study These Flashcards
A

corpus callosum

22
Q

define commissure

Study These Flashcards
A

a pathway that connects the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere

an example of this would be the corpus callosum

23
Q

what is the corpus callosum?

Study These Flashcards
A

the largest fiber bundle that connects the two hemispheres

200 million fibers

24
how is the brain and spinal protected
bone and tissue
25
what is the tissue called that protects the brain and spinal cord?
meninges
26
describe the three layers of the meninges
1. dura mater outer layer 2. arachnoid membrane second layer 3. pia mater layer that directly covers the brain
27
what is meningitis?
inflammation of the meninges from viral or bacterial infection
28
what is cerebrospinal fluid?
clear liquid that fills subarachnoid space
29
what is subarachnoid space?
space between arachnoid membrane and pia mater
30
what is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
- shock absorber - buoyancy important as brain is quite heavy brain floats in layer of CSF CSF reduces weight of brain
31
where does the CSF come from? Explain.
the ventricular system produced by a membrane called choroid plexus by filtering blood
32
what is the ventricular system?
- these are cavities in the brain - they are filled with CSF - you have two lateral ventricles (one in each hemisphere) - third ventricle - fourth ventricle
33
what is the function of the ventricular system?
exchanging of materials between blood vessels and brain tissue gaining nutrients from blood supply removing waste products
34
identify another protection of the brain
blood-brain barrier
35
what is the blood-brain barrier?
- semi-permeable barrier - does not have gaps that permit the free flow of substances into and out of the blood (like capillaries in the rest of the body) - only lipid soluble substances can pass through
36
what is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier?
- maintain a stable environment in the brain - protection from potentially disruptive/damaging chemicals
37
what is a problem with the blood-brain barrier?
if medicine is needed to get into the brain for treatment, blood-brain barrier stops medicine from getting in
38
outline features of the cerebral cortex
- 3mm thick - folded to allow bigger SA:V ratio (more neuron in a smaller space) - makes up 80% of brain mass - only contains 19% of brain cells - clefts/crack/grooves called sulci - folds/bulges called gyri
39
identify the 4 lobes within the cerebral cortex
frontal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe
40
identify the names of major sulci and gyri
central sulcus (goes down the centre of the brain) precentral gyrus (fold/bulges before the central sulcus) postcentral gyrus (fold/bulges after the central sulcus) sylvian fissure/lateral fissure (the crack the separates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobe)
41
describe the frontal lobe
- anterior area of the cortex - rostral to parietal lobe - dorsal to temporal lobe - divided from parietal lobe by central sulcus - responsible for motor function and cognition - decision making, planning, organising
42
describe the parietal lobe
- caudal to frontal lobe - dorsal to temporal lobe - responsible for somatosensory function - related to the body and senses
43
describe the occipital lobe
- caudal to parietal lobe and temporal lobe - responsible for vision function
44
describe the temporal lobe
- rostral to occipital lobe - ventral to parietal lobe and frontal lobe - responsible for hearing, vision, cognition and emotion
45
what is it meant by primary areas of the brain?
defined specific areas where cortex processes information from the senses
46
identify the primary areas in the brain
the following receive information from the senses: primary somatosensory cortex primary visual cortex primary auditory cortex the following are connected to muscle in the body: primary motor cortex all are contralateral
47
what are primary association areas?
the areas that do the processing and analysing of the information received from the primary areas

PSGY1003 Biological Psychology (21 decks)

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