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psgy1003 - biological > neuroanatomy 1 > Flashcards

neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards

the nervous system, the brain, planes, grey and white matter, protection of the nervous system, cerebral cortex (57 cards)

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1
Q

what is the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

brain

spinal cord

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2
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A

everything else

spread through the body, connecting all organs and systems to CNS

nerves

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3
Q

what are motor pathways?

A

send information to muscles/tissues from CNS

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4
Q

what are sensory pathways?

A

bring information from sensory surfaces to CNS

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5
Q

what protects the brain?

A

skull

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6
Q

what protects the spinal cord?

A

vertebral column

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7
Q

what are the parts of the brain?

A

cerebrum

cerebellum

brain stem

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8
Q

how many hemispheres are in the brain?

A

two - left and right

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9
Q

what does contralateral mean?

A

opposite side

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10
Q

what does ipsilateral mean?

A

same side

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11
Q

how are the brain and blood related?

A

brain receives constant flow of blood (approximately 20% of blood flow from the heart) to maintain oxygen levels

if deprived of oxygen, result is unconsciousness

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12
Q

what is a stroke?

A

bleed or blockage in the brain, resulting in brain cells dying because they haven’t received oxygen

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13
Q

what words are used to say the front of the brain

A

anterior

rostral

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14
Q

what words are used to say the top of the brain?

A

dorsal

superior

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15
Q

what words are used to say the back of the brain?

A

posterior

caudal

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16
Q

what words are used to say the bottom of the brain?

A

inferior

ventral

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17
Q

what does medial mean?

A

towards the middle

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18
Q

what does lateral mean?

A

towards the side

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19
Q

what is the frontal (coronal) plane?

A

parallel to the forehead

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20
Q

what is the sagittal plane?

A

side view

parallel to the side

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21
Q

what is the horizontal plane?

A

parallel to the ground

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22
Q

what is grey matter?

A

cell bodies and dendrites

cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus

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23
Q

what is white matter?

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A

myelinated axons

corpus callosum

24
Q

what is the corpus callosum?

Study These Flashcards
A

pathway that connects left and right side of hemisphere is called commissure

“hard body”

largest fibre bundle that connects two hemispheres of the brain

25
what is the meninges?
three layers of tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord (CNS) dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater
26
what is the dura mater?
outer layer thick and tough
27
what is the arachnoid membrane?
middle layer spiderlike
28
what is the pia mater?
inner layer covers the brain
29
what is meningitis?
inflammation of meninges, resulting from viral or bacterial infection
30
what is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
clear liquid that fills subarachnoid space brains floating in this
31
what are functions of the CSF?
shock absorber buoyancy (weight of brain reduced)
32
what is the ventricular system?
hollow cavities filled with CSF two lateral ventricles - membrane called choroid plexus produces CSF by filtering blood third ventricle cerebral aqueduct fourth ventricle
33
what is the function of the ventricular system?
exchange of materials between blood vessels and brain tissue nutrients supplied and waste is removed
34
what is the blood-brain barrier?
semipermeable barrier liquid soluble substances and small molecules (oxygen, carbon dioxide) can pass through substances with large molecules (e.g. glucose) must be actively transported through walls
35
what is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier?
maintain stable environment protection from potentially disruptive/damaging chemicals
36
what is the cerebral cortex?
outer surface of cerebrum 3mm thick contains about 16 billion neurons folded to allow a bigger surface area (more neurons)
37
what is sulci?
clefts/cracks/grooves singular = sulcus
38
what are major grooves called?
fissures
39
what are gyri?
folds/bulges singular = gyrus
40
what are the four lobes?
frontal parietal occipital temporal
41
what are the major sulci and gyri?
central sulcus precentral gyrus postcentral gyrus sylvian fissure/lateral fissure
42
what is the central sulcus?
divide frontal and parietal lobe
43
what is the sylvian fissure/lateral fissure?
divide temporal lobe from frontal and parietal
44
where is the frontal lobe?
anterior area of cortex rostral to parietal lobe dorsal to temporal lobe
45
what are the functions of the frontal lobe?
motor cognition executive functions (decision making, organising, planning)
46
where is the parietal lobe?
caudal to frontal lobe dorsal to temporal lobe
47
what is the function of the parietal lobe?
somatosensory (directing movement)
48
where is the occipital lobe?
caudal to parietal and temporal lobes
49
what is the function of the occipital lobe?
vision (visual processing)
50
where is the temporal lobe?
rostral to occipital lobe ventral to parietal and frontal lobes
51
what are the functions of the temporal lobe?
hearing vision cognition emotion
52
what are the primary areas of the brain?
receives information from senses - primary somatosensory cortex, primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex primary motor cortex all contralateral (expect olfaction and taste)
53
what is the primary somatosensory cortex?
input from somatosensory system touch, body position
54
what is the primary visual cortex?
receives input from visual system
55
what is the primary auditory cortex?
receives input from auditory cortex
56
what is the primary motor cortex?
connected to muscles in body controls muscles
57
what is the primary sensory association areas?
receive and analyse information from primary regions

psgy1003 - biological (18 decks)

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