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KB - Neuroanatomy > Neuroanatomy 1 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary vesicles?

A

3 visible swelling in the neural tube

At about 4 weeks

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2
Q

What are the secondary vesicles?

A

1st and 3rd primary vesicles subdivide at about 6-8 weeks Now 5 swellings (secondary vesicles)

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3
Q

What makes up the brain stem?

A

Medulla, pons and midbrain

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4
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Receive information (chiefly via synapses), integrate the information and then transmit electrical impulses to another neuron or effector cell

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5
Q

How many dendrites and axons do most neurones have?

A

Many dendrites and one axon (however not all neurones are typical)

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6
Q

What does an axon do?

A

Carries information away from the nerve

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of glial cells?

A

astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglia ependymal cells

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8
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Star shaped glial cells

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9
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Have roles in support, maintaining the blood brain barrier and environmental homeostasis

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10
Q

How do astrocytes help with support?

A

They have large numbers of intermediate filaments in their cytoplasms

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11
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Produce myelin in the CNS (not in the PNS)

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12
Q

What is the node of ranvier?

A

The very small part of the axon exposed between myelin sheaths

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

A

Speeds up conduction of APs along the axon

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14
Q

What are microglia?

A
  • cells of similar lineage to macrophages - the brains resident population of antigen presenting/phagocytic cells
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15
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles in the brain

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16
Q

What is the reason for gyri and sulci in the brain?

A

Increases surface area of grey matter

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17
Q

What is the name of the bumps on the brains surface?

A

Gyrus (plural gyri)

18
Q

What is the name of the valleys on the brains surface?

A

Sulcus (plural sulci)

19
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Basically a very deep sulcus

20
Q

What is contained in the grey matter?

A

Huge numbers of neurones (their cell bodies), cell processes, synapses and support cells

21
Q

What is contained in the white matter?

A

Axons (most of them myelinated) and their support cells

22
Q

In a horizontal slice through the spinal cord, what shape does the grey matter form?

A

An H

23
Q

In the spinal cord, what names do we give to parts of the grey and white matter?

A

Grey matter - ant and post horns White matter - ant, post and lateral columns

24
Q

In the cerebellum what is the name given to gyri?

A

Follia

25
Q

What does the central sulcus separate?

A

Motor regions from sensory regions

26
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

It allows the L and R sides of the brain talk to each other

27
Q

What is the lentiform nucleus important in?

A

Movement

28
Q

What 2 structures form the Lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen and Globus pallidus

29
Q

What gyrus is important in pain interpretation?

A

Cingulate gyrus

30
Q

What is the interthalmic adhesion?

A

Where the R and L thalamus touch

31
Q

What is the pineal gland important in?

A

Diurnal rhythms

32
Q

Where is the insular lobe?

A

Normally hidden in lateral fissure

33
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

Superficial to deep: Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

34
Q

What lies below the arachnoid mater?

A

Subarachnoid space Contains CSF

35
Q

Fill in the arrows.

A
36
Q

Name the red lobe and its boundaries.

A

Frontal

Posterior: central sulcus

Inferior: lateral sulcus

37
Q

Name the blue lobe and its boundaries.

A

Parietal

Anterior: central sulcus

Inferior: lateral sulcus

Posterior: a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre occipital notch

38
Q

Name the yellow lobe and its boundaries.

A

Temporal

Superior: lateral sulcus

Posterior: line from the parieto-occipital sulcus and the pre occipital notch

39
Q

Name the green lobe and its boundaries.

A

Anterior: a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre occipital notch

40
Q

Fill in the blanks

A
41
Q

Fill in the blanks.

A
42
Q

Fill in the arrows.

A

KB - Neuroanatomy (5 decks)

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