Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Parts of the hindbrain

Answer 1

• cerebellum
• reticular formation
• medulla
• pons

Question 2

Cerebellum

Answer 2

• wrinkly part of the hindbrain
• controls fine motor skills

Question 3

Reticular formation

Answer 3

Part of the hindbrain
Regulates sleep, wakefulness, arousal

Question 4

Medulla

Answer 4

Part of the hindbrain
Coordinates heart rate, circulation and respiration

Question 5

Pons

Answer 5

Part of the hindbrain
Relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

Question 6

Hindbrain

Answer 6

Coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord
Controls basic functions of life (autonomic processes necessary for life that were evolutionarily conserved)

Question 7

Midbrain

Answer 7

Important for movement and orientation

Question 8

Parts of the midbrain

Answer 8

• tegmentum
• tectum

Question 9

Tegmentum

Answer 9

Involved in movement and arousal

Question 10

Tectum

Answer 10

Orients into the environment: towards or away from stimulus

Question 11

Subcortical structures

Answer 11

Areas of forebrain under the cerebral cortex, near the centre of the brain
- thalamus
- limbic structures (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, basal ganglia)

Question 12

Limbic structures

Answer 12

Structures involved in emotion and memory
- hippocampus
- amygdala
- hypothalamus
- basal ganglia

Question 13

Hippocampus

Answer 13

Plays a role in spatial memory

Question 14

Amygdala

Answer 14

Role in emotiom

Question 15

Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Hormone regulatoom

Question 16

Basal ganglia

Answer 16

Movement and learning

Question 17

Thalamus

Answer 17

“Relay centre” for sensory and motor information (important for consciousness)
General anesthetics tend to act here (to make you unconscious)

Question 18

The brain stem is composed of

Answer 18

Pons + Medulla oblongata

Question 19

Largest component of the forebrain

Answer 19

Cerebral cortex = visible folded outer surface

Question 20

Primary somatosensory cortex is mapped by

Answer 20

Sensory receptor density.
Greater the density of sensory neurons dedicated to a body part = Greater the size of the somatosensory cortex

Question 21

Homunculus (Sensory and motor humunculi)

Answer 21

“Little man”
Refers to a miniature, artificially created human: size of body parts represent the area of somatosensory cortex dedicated to that body part - depends on degree of sensory and motor control in different body parts
Topographical (map-like) representations of the human body laid out on the cortex

Question 22

Left hemisphere

Answer 22

Dominance for language, math, logic

Question 23

Right hemisphere

Answer 23

Dominance for spatial abilities, face recognition, visual imagery, music

Question 24

Corpus Callosum

Answer 24

Bundle of nerve fibres that passes information between the two hemispheres

Question 25

“Split-Brain” patients

Answer 25

Corpus callosum is surgically disconnected so that seizures in patients with epilepsy are localized to one brain hemisphere and don’t spread throughout the brain. The brain remains subcortically connected.

Question 26

Ventricles

Answer 26

Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - keeps the brain floating at the right density - rids the brain of waste - protects it from injury

Question 27

Blood vessels

Answer 27

Supply the brain with oxygen and nutrients

Question 28

Stroke and types of stroke

Answer 28

Damage to the brain’s blood vessels, impairing blood flow 1. Ischemic = block (for e.g., due to a clot) 2. Hemorrhagic = break (blood vessel bursts, for e.g., due to high blood pressure)