NeuroAnatomy

Question 1

The more medial of the dorsal cervical columns carries what?

Answer 1

sensory information from the legs

Question 2

The more lateral of the dorsal cervical columns carries what?

Answer 2

sensory information from the arms

Question 3

Midbrain landmarks

Answer 3

cerebral peduncle, substantia nigra, medial lemniscus, and red nucleus

Question 4

Pons landmarks

Answer 4

cortiospinal tract, medial leminscus, and middle cerebellar peduncles

Question 5

Medulla landmarks

Answer 5

pyramid, olive and medial leminscus

Question 6

what is the one landmark that all three parts of the brainstem have in common?

Answer 6

Medial Lemniscus

Question 7

what are the three basic forms of cerebral white matter

Answer 7

association, commissural and projection

Question 8

explain association in reference to cerebral white matter

Answer 8

axons carrying information form one cortical region to another within the same cerebral hemisphere. ex: repeating the spoken word requires transmission of signals from the left temporal to the left frontal lobe via arcuate fasciculus

Question 9

explain commissural in reference to cerebral white matter

Answer 9

transmitting information between hemispheres. ex: correctly naming an object in the left hand requires the right partial lobe to transmit information to the left.

Question 10

what is the largest cerebral commissure

Answer 10

Corpus Callosum

Question 11

explain projection in reference to cerebral white matter

Answer 11

interaction of the cerebral cortex with subcortical sites. ex: somatosensory input reaches the parietal lobe via projections arising from the thalamus.

Question 12

in reference to the spinal cord, where is the grey matter in relation to the white matter?

Answer 12

grey matter is in the inside while the white matter surround it. the cell bodies are in the grey matter while afferent and efferent fiber are in the white matter surrounding the grey matter

Question 13

in reference to the cerebral cortex, where is the grey matter in relation to the white matter

Answer 13

grey matter is on the outside while the white matter is on the inside.

Question 14

the ventral and dorsal horns carry what fibers

Answer 14

Ventral= motor or efferent while Dorsal=sensory or afferent information via the thalamus

Question 15

what does white matter contain in the cord?

Answer 15

myelinated axons carrying motor commands in descending tracts from the brain to the spinal cord. Also ascending axons carrying sensory information from the cord to the brain.

Question 16

what does grey matter contain in the cord?

Answer 16

neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. controls muscular activity and sensory information

Question 17

what do the dorsal, lateral and ventral columns of the white matter carry?

Answer 17

Dorsal columns carry sensory info to the brain
Lateral columns carry sensory and motor information in ascending tracts
Ventral columns carry sensory and motor information in descending tracts

Question 18

explain how many spinal nerves we have

Answer 18

8 cervical spinal nerves (due to the first coming from the skull), 12 thoracic and 5 lumbar and 5 sacral

Question 19

all cranial nerves except? are peripheral nerves

Answer 19

CN II (optic nerve) (myelinated by oligodendrocytes)

Question 20

what are fascicles in relation to the peripheral nerve? describe the layers that surround them

Answer 20

bundles of nerves, small bundles within the bundles are endoneurium, perineurium surrounds the whole fascicles, and epineurium surrounds the whole peripheral nerve

Question 21

which cranial nerves have significant sensory functions?

Answer 21

CN I, II, V, VII, IX, X

Question 22

which cranial nerves carry axons of cells belonging to the ANS?

Answer 22

CN III, VII, IX, and X

Question 23

which CN comes directly out of the pons?

Answer 23

CN IV (trochlear)

Question 24

which CN comes directly out of the midbrain (mesencephalon)

Answer 24

CN III( oculomotor)

Question 25

which CN comes from the medulla (myelencephalon)

Answer 25

CN IX, X, XI, XII

Question 26

which CN comes from the pons-medullary junction?

Answer 26

CN VI, VII, VIII

Question 27

what are the two sensory pathways when it comes to communication between the CNS and PNS?

Answer 27

Dorsal column/medial lemniscal system

Anterolateral system

Question 28

TIA?

Answer 28

Acute loss of cerebral or monocular function with manifestations lasting under 24 hours. Circulatory dysfunction depriving parts of the brain of adequate blood

Question 29

Reversible Ischemic Neurological Deficit?

Answer 29

Acute loss of cerebral or monocular function with symptoms lasting longer than 24 hours due to inadequate blood supply of parts of the brain. Partial recovery function is likely

Question 30

Stroke?

Answer 30

Rapid loss of cerebral function due to cerebrovascular disturbance.

Question 31

Lobotomy?

Answer 31

removal of the frontal cortex has been tried as a treatment for mental illness but resulted in unwanted complications