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Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Automatic nervous system

A

Involuntary control

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2
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of axons in CNS

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3
Q

Nuclei

A

(CNS) Mass containing cell bodies of nerve cells

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4
Q

Nerve

A

(PNS) bundle of axons

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5
Q

Ganglia

A

(PNS) mass containing cell bodies of nerve cells

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6
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons that transmit info

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7
Q

Gray matter

A

Made of cell bodies and unmyelinated dendrites

Collects info

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8
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards back

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9
Q

Ventral

A

Towards stomach

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10
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Inability to control all four limbs and respiration (damage to upper cervical)

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11
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Dorsal

Deliver info to CNS

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12
Q

Motor neurons

A

Ventral

Distribute commands to peripheral effectors

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13
Q

Inter neurons

A

Inhibit info or coordinate responses

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14
Q

Neuronal pools

A

Functional group of interconnected neurons

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15
Q

Divergence

A

Info comes from a specific place and goes out to other parts of the brain

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16
Q

Convergence

A

Narrowing down the neurons to a more specific place

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17
Q

Serial processing

A

Structure goes in a circuit (slow)

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18
Q

Parallel processing

A

Structures do different things at different rates (fast)

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19
Q

Reverberation

A

Something repeated over and over again

Ex. Memory

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20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Prepare organs for vigorous activity

Fight or flight

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21
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Facilitates no emergency responses and conserves energy

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22
Q

Brainstem

A

Medulla, pons and midbrain

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23
Q

Medulla

A

Hindbrain

Controls vital functions and reflexes

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24
Q

Pons

A

Hindbrain
Axons from each half of brain cross to opposite side of spinal cord, so left hemisphere controls right side of body and vice versa
Regulates sleep

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25
Cerebellum
Hindbrain | Controls coordination, movement, balance, timing
26
Ventricles
Hold cerebrospinal fluid
27
Ascending reticular activating system
Hindbrain Interconnected network for arousal Activated parts of brain that will receive message
28
Locus coeruleus
Group of cell bodies that manufacture almost all adrenaline in brain
29
Raphe nuclei
Manufacture serotonin in medulla and pons
30
Tectum
Roof of midbrain
31
Tegmentum
Floor of midbrain
32
Superior colliculus
Midbrain | Important for vision
33
Inferior colliculus
Important for hearing
34
Central periaqueductal gray
Midbrain Increases pain tolerance when violent Stimulation causes aggressive behavior
35
Ventral tegmental area
Midbrain Source of dopamine Feeling of reward
36
Substantia nigra
Midbrain | Only other source of DA besides VTA
37
Diencephalon
Lower part of forebrain | Thalamus and hypothalamus
38
Telencephalon
Higher part of forebrain | Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and limbic system
39
Thalamus
Process sensory info (except olfactory) and sends output to cerebral cortex
40
Hypothalamus
Forebrain | Organize survival behaviors, homeostasis, produces hormones
41
Pituitary gland
Forebrain | Synthesizes hormones that the blood carries to organs throughout the body
42
Hippocampus
Certain types of memory, especially memories of individual events
43
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cushions brain against shock when head moves | Reservoir of nutrients and hormones
44
Relay nuclei
Project to primary cortices | Trim info into what's most important
45
Association nuclei
Project to cortical association areas
46
Corpus collosum and anterior commissure
Bundles of axons that allow neurons in 2 hemispheres to communicate with neurons in corresponding part of other hemisphere
47
Occipital lobe
Vision Striated Damage can result in cortical blindness
48
Parietal lobe
Primary and secondary sensory-motor cortex Monitors info on eye, head and body positions Damage can cause hemispatial neglect Spatial and numerical info
49
Postcentral gyrus
Frontal lobe Primary somatosensory cortex Represents feeling of touch
50
Pre central gyrus
Frontal lobe | Control of fine motor movement
51
Central sulcus
Deep groove in surface of cortex that separates the 2 lobes
52
Temporal lobe
Auditory info | Emotional and motivational behaviors
53
Layers of cerebral cortex
1: receives input 2 & 3: intra-cortical 4: sensory input 5 & 6: motor output
54
Frontal lobe
Contains primary motor cortex and prefrontal cortex
55
Prefrontal cortex
Attention Working memory Making decisions and planning movement
56
Rostral
Toward nose
57
Caudal
Toward tail
58
Sagittal cut
Profile | Vertical cut into left and right
59
Midsaggital
Division into left and right from middle of brain
60
Coronal
Vertical division into front and back
61
Horizontal
Cut off top of skull | Horizontal division into dorsal and ventral
62
Transverse
Diagonal to cross-plane at the curving Brainstem
63
Somatic nervous system
Voluntary control Muscle control Sensation
64
Gyri
Convolutions of the brain (bump)
65
Fissures and sulci
Grooves in the brain
66
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Hunger | Lesion leads to obesity
67
Lateral hypothalamus
Hunger | Lesion leads to anorexia
68
Paraventricular hypothalamus
Stress response
69
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Thalamus | Vision
70
Medial geniculate nucleus
Thalamus | Auditory
71
Pulvinar
Thalamus | Vision (older pathway)

Phys Psych (12 decks)

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