Neuroanatomy Flashcards
(48 cards)
What are alternative names for the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain?
Forebrain = prosencephalon Midbrain= mesencephalon Hindbrain = rhombencephalon
What 2 divisions make up the prosencephalon?
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
What 2 divisions make up the mesencephalon?
Tectum
Tegmentum
What 2 divisions make up the rhombencephalon?
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
What 4 structures can be found in the telencephalon?
Cerebrum
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Basal ganglia
What 4 structures can be found in the diencephalon?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
Where are the superior and inferior colliculi housed?
Tectum
What structures lie in the tectum?
Superior and inferior colliculi
What 5 structures can be found in the tegmentum?
Cerebral aqueduct Periaqueductal gray matter Reticular formation Substantia Nigra Red nucleus
What structure is affected in patients with Parkinson’s disease and where is this structure located in the brain?
Substantia nigra
Located in the tegmentum of the mesencephalon (midbrain)
What 2 structures can be found in the metencephalon?
Cerebellum
Pons
What area of the brain are the cerebellum and pons located?
Metencephalon
What structure is located in the myelencephalon?
Medulla oblongata
A patient comes into the clinic with ataxia. What brain structure is likely impacted and where is this structure located in the brain?
Cerebellum is likely impacted
Located in the metencephalon of the rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
What structures make up the brainstem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
What structure is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata?
Brainstem
What are the inner and outer cores of the spinal cord made of?
Inner core = gray matter
Outer core = white matter
Where is information integrated in the brain?
Gray matter
What structures does the gray matter contain? (5)
Unmyelinated neurons Capillaries Cell bodies Dendrites Glial cells
What structures does the white matter contain?
Myelinated axons
Nerve fibers without dendrites
What structures make up the PNS?
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia/Plexuses
How many cranial nerves are there? Where do they exit?
12 nerves
Exit the skull via the foramina
How many spinal nerves are there? Where do they exit?
31 spinal nerves: 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
Exit the spine via the intervertebral foramina
How do spinal nerves relay sensory and motor information?
Via the anterior and posterior roots
Anterior root carries MOTOR information AWAY from the CNS (efferent fibers)
Posterior root carries SENSORY information TOWARDS the CNS (afferent fibers)
