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From Flashcardlet > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of the corpus striatum

A

Caudate nucleus
Globus pallidus
Putamen
Nucleus accumbens

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2
Q

Contents of the diencephalon

A 
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Medial & lateral geniculate bodies
Pineal body
Habenula
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3
Q

Thalamus function

A

Main sensory relay center for the nervous system

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4
Q

Hypothalamus function

A 
Temp control
Water balance
Emotional state regulation
Autonomic regulation (blood pressure)
Hunger (color red)
Parasympathetic/sympathetic balance
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5
Q

Contents of the mesencephalon/midbrain

A

Tectum
Tegementum
Substantia nigra
Crus cerebri

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6
Q

What cranial nerves pass through the tegmentum?

A

CN III, IV

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7
Q

Which part of the mesencephalon contains the descending projection fibers of the internal capsule?

A

Crus cerebri

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8
Q

What structure do the tegmentum, crus cerebri, and substantia nigra create?

A

Cerebral peduncle

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9
Q

Which structures make up the metaencephalon?

A

Cerebellum

Pons

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10
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Equilibrium
Muscle tone
Coordination of voluntary muscle activity

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11
Q

What are the divisions of the cerebellum?

A

Archicerebellum
Paleocerebellum
Neocerebellum

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12
Q

Archicerebellum function

A

Equilibrium

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13
Q

Paleocerebellum function

A

Muscle tone

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14
Q

Neocerebellum function

A

Coordination of voluntary muscle activity (synergy)

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15
Q

The nuclei of which cranial nerves pass through the pons?

A

CN V, VI, VII, & part of VIII

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16
Q

Where does the myencephalon/medulla become continuous with the spinal cord?

A

Foramen magnum

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17
Q

The myencephalon/medulla contains the nuclei of which cranial nerves?

A

CN VIII-XII

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18
Q

Which important regulatory centers are located in the myencephalon/medulla?

A

Respiratory & Cardiac centers

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19
Q

To what level does the spinal cord extend?

A

L2-L3

20
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves extend off of the spinal cord?

A

31

21
Q

Which horns (dorsal or ventral) has sensory function?

A

Dorsal

22
Q

Which horns (dorsal or ventral) has motor function?

A

Ventral

23
Q

What is the significance of the dura mater’s tight attachment to the skull bone?

A

A lot of pressure must be generated in order to form an epidural hematoma

24
Q

Of which meningeal layer, dura, arachnoid, or pia, is the filum terminale composed?

A

Pia mater

25
Q

Which vessel is most likely to cause an epidural hematoma?

A

Middle meningeal artery

26
Q

Which vessel is the cause of a subdural hematoma?

A

Cortical bridging veins

27
Q

Which vessel is the cause of a subarachnoid hematoma?

A

Saccular aneurysm

28
Q

Describe Brudzinski’s sign.

A

Patient raises their head when their hips are passively flexed

29
Q

How would you recognize an epidural hematoma on CT?

A

A biconvex-shaped hematoma that can cross the midline

30
Q

Function of the ascending reticular formation

A

Degrees of consciousness, alertness, and sleep

31
Q

Which hemisphere, right or left, is the dominant one for speech and language?

A

Left

32
Q

What area of the brain is damaged if the patient is unable to recognize written words (alexia)?

A

Angular gyrus on the left side

33
Q

What area of the brain is damaged if the patient is unable to understand speech (auditory aphasia)?

A

Area 22

34
Q

What area of the brain is damaged if the patient is unable to talk?

A

Broca’s area (areas 44 & 45)

35
Q

Define apraxia.

A

The inability to carry out learned voluntary acts

36
Q

Define agraphia.

A

Loss of the ability to write

37
Q

Define agnosia.

A

Inability to recognize things even though one sees them

38
Q

Define prosopagnosia.

A

Inability to recognize faces

39
Q

What arteries are given off by the basilar artery?

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
Superior cerebellar arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries

40
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, IV, V & VI

41
Q

What is the normal amount of CSF?

A

130-150 mL

42
Q

What is a cistern?

A

An area where the pia mater and the arachnoid are far apart and more fluid accumulates here

43
Q

Name the 3 cisterns.

A

Cisterna magna
Cisterna pontis
Cisterna interpeduncularis

44
Q

At what rate is CSF produced by the choroid plexus?

A

30 mL/hr

45
Q

In what population is hydrocephalus most prevalent?

A

Babies

46
Q

How would you treat hydrocephalus?

A 
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (adults)
Ventriculojugular shunt (kids)
47
Q

If you suspect someone has increased ICP, what should you always do before performing a lumbar puncture?

A

CT

From Flashcardlet (22 decks)

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