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Clin Med II- Neuro > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Grey matter composed of

A

neurons

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2
Q

White matter composed of

A

myelinated axons, glial cells

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3
Q

Where does CNS interface with PNS?

A

at the dorsal and ventral horns

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4
Q

What are nissl granules

A

granules of RER with free ribosomes scattered throughout most of the cytoplasm. Site of protein synthesis.

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5
Q

Neurolemma

A

Sheath of Schwann that surrounds the axon of the neuron in PNS

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6
Q

3 types of glia cells

A

Astrocytes, oligodendroglia, microglia

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7
Q

Main functions of astrocytes

A

BBB formation, regulation, and maintenance, neuronal metabolism of CNS, NT reuptake, have pseudopodia-like extensions that surround outer capillary wall

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8
Q

BBB allows…

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, amino acids, a few sugars, lipid-solube substances

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9
Q

most common CNS tumor in U.S.

A

astrocytoma

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10
Q

Principle proteins involved in myellinization in CNS by oligodendroglia cells

A

Myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein

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11
Q

Examples of demyelinating disorders of CNS

A

MS and Shy-Drager

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12
Q

Microglia origin

A

Derived from monocytes and macrophages

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13
Q

Problems with microglia cells may result in..

A

alzheimer’s dementia and other dementias

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14
Q

Location of ependymal cells

A

Line the central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain

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15
Q

Function of microglia cells

A

Ramified (dormant) until activated by injury. Then phagocytize cells and release cytokines.

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16
Q

Cranial nerves in pons

A

V, VI, and VII, and part of VIII

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17
Q

cranial nerves in medulla oblongata

A

CN VIII- XII

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18
Q

What does medulla oblongata contain?

A

Respiratory and cardiac centers

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19
Q

How many spinal nerves

A

31

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20
Q

spinal cord extends from

A

Foramen magnum to L2-L3

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21
Q

White matter grouped into..

A

Dorsal, ventral and lateral columns

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22
Q

Meninges composed of 3 layers

A

Dura, arachnoid, and pia mater

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23
Q

What is filled with CSF

A

subarachnoid space

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24
Q

Pia mater extending from base of the spinal cord and attaches terminally to stabilize cord

A

Filum terminale

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25
What separates cerebellum from inferior portion of occipital lobes?
tentorium cerebelli
26
Infection of meninges
Meningitis
27
Infection of arachnoid and pia mater
Leptomeningitis
28
PE finding in Meningitis
Brudzinski's sign-flexion of the hips with raising of the head
29
Types of hematomatas
epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid
30
Middle meningeal artery hemorrhage may cause...
epidural hematoma
31
cortical bridging veins hemorrhage may cause...
subdural hematoma
32
Saccular aneurysm may cause...
subarachnoid hematoma
33
Mamillary bodies and infundibulum part of...
diencephalon (specifically the hypothalamus)
34
Functions of hypothalamus
Heat regulation (temp. control), water balance, hunger, BP, hormone secretion from anterior pituitary, emotional states, and parasympathetic/sympathetic balance
35
Reticular activating system associated with..
degrees of consciousness, alertness, and sleep
36
Descending reticular formation involves...
balance, equilibrium, autonomic stuff
37
Types of coma
Traumatic/vascular, substance abuse, metabolic
38
Differences in types of coma
Traumatic/vascular has absent/abnormal pupillary reflexes, increased ICP, and normal EEG. Substance abuse/toxins coma has pupillary reflexes present, normal ICP, and normal EEG. Metablic coma has pupillary reflexes present, ICP normal, and abnormal EEG
39
Glasgow coma score looks at...
eye opening, verbal responses, and motor responses
40
Lower or higher score better on GCS?
Lower WORSE. Higher BETTER.
41
Left hemisphere dominant for...
speech and language
42
Wernicke's area-
supramarginal gyrus plus 41 and 42
43
Broca's area-
Areas 44 and 45
44
Sensory aphasia vs. motor aphasia (areas of brain)
Sensory aphasia- Wernicke's area. Motor aphasia- Broca's area
45
2 types of sensory aphasia
Alexia and auditory aphasia
46
Area 22 in brain
Auditory reception area
47
Area 1-3
Postcentral gyrus (sensory acitivity)
48
Area 4
Precentral gyrus (motor activity)
49
Area 17
Occipital lobe (vision)
50
What is alexia and what area of brain is affected?
Inability to recognize written words. It involves damage to angular gyrus on dominant side of the brain. A type of sensory aphasia.
51
What is auditory aphasia and what area of brain is involved?
Inability to understand speech. Area 22 (auditory reception area) is damaged. A type of sensory aphasia.
52
Does Wernicke's aphasia involve alexia or auditory aphasia?
Both
53
Types of aphasia when broca's area damaged?
Motor (verbal or expressive aphasia)
54
apraxia
inability to carry out learned, voluntary acts. (like have to learn how to ride bike all over again)
55
agraphia
loss of ability to write
56
agnosia
can't recognize things (but vision is still ok)
57
Can't recognize faces
Prosopagnosia
58
What supplies medial and lateral parts of cerebral hemispheres?
Medial- anterior cerebral aa. Lateral- middle cerebral aa.
59
Blood supply to brain includes 3 main arteries
Internal carotid a, verebral aa, and Circle of willis
60
Volume of CSF
130-150 ml.
61
cistern
area where the pia mater and arachnoid mater are far apart. fluid accumulation here.
62
Types of cisterns
Cisterna magna, cisterna pontis, cisterna interpeduncularis
63
Where is choroid plexus located and what does it do?
In the ventricles. Produces CSF at rate of 30 ml/hr.
64
Locations of ventricles of brain
Lateral venticles- located in cerebral hemispheres. Third ventricle- midline, between R and L diencephalon. 4th- between cerebellum and pons
65
Lateral ventricles consist of...
anterior, middle, and posterior, and inferior horns
66
Flow of CSF in ventricular system
Lateral ventricles- interventricular foramen of monro- third ventricle- cerebral aqueduct- fourth ventricle- foramen of magendie and foramen of lushka- subarachnoid space
67
Hydrocephalus
Blockage in the ventricular system
68
Hydrocephalus may result from..
Failure of development in ventricular system, tumor, encephalitis, failure of reabsoption- may cause overproduction of CSF or cause CSF outflow blockage
69
Spinal HA result of..
decreased intracranial pressure
70
LP done...
between L3-L4 or L4-L5
71
What results would Increased ICP show?
Papilledema seen on opthalmoscopic exam, CT done prior to LP

Clin Med II- Neuro (10 decks)

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