Neuroanatomy and neurotransmission Flashcards
(24 cards)
what does the gross anatomy of the brain consist of
- thalamus
- midbrain
- brain stem
- pons
- medulla
- spinal cord
what does the brainstem consist of
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla
what is the role of the brain stem
serves as a relay station
- passes messages back and forth between various parts of the body in the cerebral cortex
what is the role of the midbrain
- this is the centre for pure emotion
what is the role of the pons
- involved in coordinating high inflation movements and things such as facial sensation and balancing the medulla
what is the role of the medulla
involved in serious physiological processes such as
- breathing, blood pressure, harsh rhythms and even swallowing
what are the 4 lobes in the cerebrum
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
what is the reticular activating system
controls levels of wakefulness and enables people to pay attention to their requirements
- regulates sleep pattern and plays a role in circadian rhythms
where is the cerebellum located
located in the back of the brain and beneath the perceptual lobe
what is the cerebellum responsible for
responsible for fine tuning motor activity or movement
- also helps individuals maintain posture, sense of equilibrium (balance)
- important in a persons ability to perform rapid and repetitive actions
what is different about the cerebellum to the brain
if there is an abnormality in the right hand side of the cerebellum, this will present in the same right hand side of the body
what is the cerebrum divided into
right and left cerebral hemispheres
what are the cerebral hemispheres joined at the bottom by
corpus collosum
- acts as a message delivery system
- collects info from one half of the brain and delivers it to the other
describe the functions of the cerebrospinal fluid
- buoyancy- allows the brain to maintain its density without being impaired by its own weight
- protection- acts as a shock absorber
- prevents ischaemia- regulates intracranial pressure
- homeostasis- regulates distribution of substances between cells of the brain
- waste clearance- removal of toxic products
what does a neuron consist of
- axon, neurofilament, microfilament, microtubule
what occurs when a microtubule undergoes catastrophe
from polymerisation to depolymerisation
what occurs when microtubules undergo rescue
from depolymerisation to polymerisation
what is the noradrenaline system in neuromodulation
- G protein coupled receptors
- 3 main types: a1, a2 and a3 - noradrenaline removed from the synaptic cleft by reuptake transporter NET
Describe the dopamine system in neuromodulation
- D1-like family- D1 and D5 receptors (excitatory)
2. D2-like family- D2, D3 and D4 receptors (inhibitory)
what is the mesocortical pathway in the dopamine system
dopamine from ventral tegmental area –> prefrontal cortex
what is the tuberoinfundibular pathway in the dopamine system
dopamine from hypothalamus –> pituitary gland
what is the nigrostriatal pathway in the dopamine system
dopamine from substantia nigra –> striatum
what is the mesolimbic pathway in the dopamine system
dopamine from ventral tegmental area–> nucleus accumbens
what is the serotonin system in neuromodulation
- 6 families of G protein coupled receptor and 1 family of ligand gated ion channels
- 14 different receptor subtypes
- serotonin removed from the synaptic cleft by reuptake transporter SERT
