Neuroanatomy Review

Question 1

Where in the brain can you find Grey Matter

Answer 1

Cortex
Thalamus
Basal Ganglia

Question 2

Name the numbers of spinal nerves
- What does the Cauda equina consist of

How does Spinal Segments form Nerves?

Answer 2

Cervical 8
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 5
Coccygeal 1

• L2 - C1
• Spinal Segment - Rootlets - Dorsal/Ventral Roots - Nerves

Question 3

Compare and Contrast Glial Cells in CNS and PNS

- and their functions

Answer 3

Microglial - macrophage
Ependymal cells - line ventricles
Oligodendrocytes - Myelinating function (note oligo means few)
Astrocytes - support, nutrients, waste (note found at BBB)

PNS

• Schwann
• Satellite

Question 4

Gimme the Dermatomes of

• Xiphoid Process
• Umbilicus
• Public Symphysis

Dermatomes of UL and LL

Answer 4

XP: T5
UB: T10
PS: L1

UL:
shoulder C3, then C456 down the arm; Hand 678 thumb 6 only; then T1 T2 back up

LL:
after PS at L1; L2 3 for thigh; then L45 of leg and dorsal feet (L4 at toe area)
S1 at pinkie, planta feet; then S1 S2 up thigh;

Question 5

Myotome of UL, LL

- reflexes too uwu

Answer 5

UL

• C5, C6 - Elbow Flexion - Bicep reflex
• C7, C8 - Elbow Extension - Triceps reflex
• C5 - arm abduction

Wrist Extension C8
Finger flexion C8
- Finger abduction/adduction T1

LL

• L1 L2 - Hip flexion
• L3 L4 - Knee Extension - Patella Reflex
• L5 S1 - Knee Flexion
• L5 S1 - Hip extension
• S1 S2 - plantar flexion - Plantar Reflex
• L4 Dorsifexion

Question 6

UMN vs LMN lesion

- rmb +ve signs of UMN

Answer 6

UMN:
hyperreflexia; hypertonia - RIGID paralysis
- Positive Babinski Sign; Pronator drift
- Clasp Knife rigidity

LMN:
hypotonia, flaccid paralysis
- weak reflex
- wasting, fasiculation

Question 7

Neurotransmitters used in ANS

Answer 7

• Pre-G synapse - ACH
• Post G synapse:

sympathetic: ADN, except Sweat Glands ACH
parasympathetic: ACH - cholinergic

Question 8

Vertebral supply to brain

Answer 8

Vertebral arteries

• Basilar Artery - PCA - PCC, ICA - MCA, - ACC, ACA
• Anterior Spinal Artery

Question 9

Gimme Distributions of

• Cerebral
• Brainstem
• Cerebellum
• Spinal Cord

Answer 9

Cerebral
- Contralateral body + Face (CN7 lower half)

Brainstem
- Ipsilateral Face (LMN CN) + Contralateral body

Cerebellum
- Ipsilateral Ataxia

Spinal Cord

• Bilateral
• Sphinteric involvement, UMN signs + LMN at level of lesion
• note Cauda Bifida LMN signs