Neurobiology - Nerves Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
What are the 5 embryonic brain divisions
A
Telencephalon, metencephalon, diencephalon, metencephalon + pons,
2
Q
What are the parts of the prosencephalon
A
Telencephalon and diencephalon
3
Q
What makes up the telencephalon
A
Cerebral cortex and hippocampus
4
Q
What is the diencephalon made up of
A
Thalamus and hypothalamus
5
Q
What is the forebrain
A
Prosencephalon
6
Q
What is the midbrain
A
Mesencephalon
7
Q
What is the hindbrain
A
Rhombencephalon
8
Q
What is the rhombencephalon made up of
A
Metencephalon and myelencephalon
9
Q
What makes up the metencephalon of the rhombencephalon
A
Pons and cerebellum
10
Q
What is the myelencephalon of the rhombencephalon made up of
A
Medulla
11
Q
What are the 5 divisions of the brain
A
Telencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon, mesencephalon, and diencephalon
12
Q
What are the parts of the brainstem
A
Midbrain, pons, medulla
13
Q
Rostral
A
Toward nose
14
Q
Caudal
A
Toward tail
15
Q
Lateral
A
Toward left or right
16
Q
Medial
A
Toward midline
17
Q
Dorsal
A
Toward sky
18
Q
Ventral
A
Toward belly
19
Q
Coronal or transverse plane
A
Divides brain into rostral/caudal
20
Q
Dorsal or horizontal plane
A
Divides brain into dorsal/ventral
21
Q
Saggital or median plane
A
Divides brain into left/right
22
Q
What part of the brain is the cerebral cortex in
A
Prosencephalon, telencephalon
23
Q
Explain where the cerebral cortex is situated
A
Outermost layer
24
Q
What is the largest part of the brain
A
Cerebral cortex
25
What matter does the cerebral cortex consist of
Grey and white
26
What is the function of cerebral cortex
Higher level processing and integration of sensory stimuli and initiate motor response
27
Which part of the brain grows the fastest - what is the result of this
Cerebral cortex - folds in - has gyri (bumps) and sulci (grooves)
28
What part of the brain is the hippocampus in
Prosencephalon, telencephalon
29
What is the structure of the hippocampus and where is it situated
C shaped and tucked under cortex
30
What type of matter does hippocampus have
Grey
31
What is the function of hippocampus
Learning and memory
32
Where are the basal ganglia
Telencephalon, diencephalon, and metencephalon
33
Where are the basal ganglia
Additional structures under cortex
34
What type of matter is the basal ganglia
Grey
35
Where is the thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
36
What is the function of the thalamus
Relay station for input to cerebral cortex
37
Where is the diencephalon located in relation to the midbrain
Rostral
38
Where is the hypothalamus in relation to the thalamus
Ventral
39
What is the hypothalamus closely associated with
Pituitary gland
40
What are the functions of the hypothalamus
Endocrine regulation, appetite, emotional behavior
41
What part of the brain is the cerebellum in
Metencephalon
42
What type of matter makes up the cerebellum
White and grey
43
What is unique about the grey matter in the cerebellum
It is folded - folia
44
Where does the cerebellum sit in relation to the brainstem
Dorsal
45
What is the cerebellum connected to the brainstem by
Cerebellar peduncles
46
What is the function of the cerebellum
Maintenance of posture and balance
47
Where is the location of many cranial nerve nuclei
Pons and medulla
48
Where is the pons located
Metencephalon
49
What is the function of the pons
Facial movement, hearing, balance, respiration, sleep
50
Where is the medulla located
Myelencephalon
51
What is the function of the medulla
Breathing, blood pressure, respiration
52
What does grey matter include
Cell bodies and dendrites
53
What does white matter consist of
Mostly axons
54
Which directions are the horns of the spinal cord
Dorsal to ventral horn
55
Where do spinal nerves arise from
Spinal cord
56
What do spinal nerves innervate
Structures caudal to head
57
In spinal nerves, where are the cell bodies located
Sensory and motor
Sensory: dorsal root ganglia
Motor: ventral horn
58
Are spinal nerves sensory or motor
Mixed
59
How many spinal nerves are there
Varies by species but correlates with spinal cord segment (C3, T6)
60
Where do the cranial nerves arise from
Brain
61
What structure do cranial nerves innervate
Head and neck
62
Are cranial nerves sensory, motor, or mixed
Yes
63
Where are cell bodies of the cranial nerves located
In nuclei within brain or ganglia outside of brain
64
How many cranial nerves are there
12 pairs
65
What do the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal nerves connect with
Spinal cord
66
What does a spinal nerve split into after dorsal and ventral roots
Dorsal and ventral branch or ramus
67
What is the dorsal branch of the spinal nerve
Sensory/motor to back
68
What is the ventral branch of the spinal nerve
Sensory/motor to ventral body wall, limbs, and visceral organs
69
What is the strip of skin that each sensory spinal nerve innervates
Dermatome
70
What do sensory spinal nerves detect
Sensations in muscle, organs, connective tissue
71
Where are cell bodies for sensory nerves
Dorsal root ganglia
72
Where are motor spinal nerves
Cell bodies in ventral horn
73
When spinal nerve branches combine what do they innervate
Specific muscles
74
What is cranial nerve 1,
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Olfactory
Telencephalon
Smell
Sensory
75
What is cranial nerve II
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Optic
Diencephalon
Vision
Sensory
76
What is cranial nerve III, IV, and VI (6)
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Occulomotor, Trochlear, Abducent
Mesencephalon (III, IV) and Myelencephalon (VI)
Eye movement
Motor
77
What is cranial nerve V (7),
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Trigeminal
Metencephalon
Sensory to face
Motor to chewing muscles
BOTH
*has 3 branches
78
What is cranial nerve VII (8),
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Facial
Myelencephalon
Sensory to ear
Motor to muscles of facial expression
Mixed
79
What is cranial nerve VIII (9)
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Vestibulocochlear
Myelencephalon
2 divisions - vestibular and cochlear
Balance and hearing
Sensory
80
What is cranial nerve IX,
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Glossopharyngeal
Myelencephalon
Mouth and throat
Mixed
81
What is cranial nerve X
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Vagus
Myelencephalon
Sensory and motor to viscera
Mixed
82
What is cranial nerve XI (11),
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Spinal accessory
Myelencephalon
Motor to neck muscles
Motor
83
What is cranial nerve XII (12),
Origin
Function
Sensory or motor
Hypoglossal
Myelencephalon
Muscles to tongue
Motor
