Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANSB Review > Neurodegenerative > Flashcards

Neurodegenerative Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Mild cognitive impairment is defined as…

A

by cognitive impairment that does not interfere with activities of daily living, is not severe enough to classify the patient as demented, and whereby the patient retains general cognitive function.

Impairments may be in one or more cognitive domains such as attention, memory, language, executive, or visuospatial function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mode of inheritance of inherited forms of Alzheimer Disese?

A

Autosomal Dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many % are inherited forms of Alzheimer Disease?

A

5% of all cases of AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is Presenilin-2 gene located? What is its significance?

A

Chromosome 1

early onset AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is Presenilin-1 gene located? What is its significance?

A

Chromosome 14 accounts for

70% to 80% of early-onset aggressive familial cases of AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is Apolipoprotein-E3 gene located? What is its significance?

A

Chromosome 19

triples the risk of AD as well as leading to an late age of onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) gene located?

A

Chromosome 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Trace Papez Circuit

A

HeMan ATe Cat

Entorhinal cortex –> Hippocampus –> Fornix –> Mammillary Body –> Anterior Thalamus —> Entorhinal Cortex —> Hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of memory is the earliest symptom and mostly impaired in Early Alzheimer Disease?

A

Long Term Memory —> Explicit memory: —> episodic memory (specific events and contexts) autobigoraphical memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the earliest histopathologic finding in alzheimer disease?

A

Amyloid deposition in cortical and leptomeningeal blood vessel wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the FDG-PET finding in Alzheimer Disease?

A

FDG- PET scanning may reveal decreased glucose metabolism in parietotemporal regions in AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the FDG-PET finding in Frontotemporal Dementia?

A

FDG- PET scanning may reveal decreased glucose metabolism in frontal and anterior temporal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the FDG-PET finding in Huntington Disease?

A

FDG- PET scanning may reveal decreased glucose metabolism in the head of caudate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the FDG-PET finding in Parkinson Disease?

A

FDG-PET scanning in Parkinson’s disease usually does not show a decrease in metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most specific histopathologic finding of Alzheimer Disease?

A

Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of neurons found in locus coeruleus?

A

noradrenergic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of neurons found in media and dorsal raphe nuclei?

A

serotonergic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of neurons found in nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area?

A

dopaminergic neruons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of neurons found in substantia nigra pars compacta?

A

dopaminergic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of neurons found in substantia nigra pars reticulata?

A

GABAergic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which chromosome is involved in FrontoTemporal Dementia?

A

Chromosome 17 (most common)

Chromosome 3 and 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which are involved in akinetic mutism?

A

anterior cingulate–frontal–subcortical circuit

  • globus pallidus interna
  • bilateral ACA infarcts to the frontal lobes and other lesions to the medial frontal lobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the mode of inheritance of Huntington’s disease and the mutation involved?

A

Autosomal dominant trinucleotide repeat disorder resulting from the expansion of CAG repeats on chromosome 4p in a region that codes for the Huntington’s protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the triad of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?

Study These Flashcards
A

triad of confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia

25
What is the manifestation of Korsakoff Disease?
Korsakoff’s disease is the chronic phase of thiamine deficiency and presents with anterograde and retrograde amnesia, and is classically associated with confabulation as a result of poor memory.
26
What is the histopathologic appearance of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
Neuronal loss glial cell proliferation absent inflammatory response vacuolization of the neuropil, which produces the characteristic spongiform appearance
27
What is the gene involved in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and gene involved?
prion protein gene (PRNP) coding for PrP is located on chromosome 20p
28
Buzzwords Cortical Ribbon Sign
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
29
Buzzwords Hippocampal-Lumpy Bumpy Sign
Alzheimer Disease
30
Buzzwords Thinning of the head of the caudate
Huntington Disease
31
Buzzwords Calcification in the basal ganglia
Fahr's Disease
32
Buzzwords Eye of the Tiger Sign
pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) | Hallervorden-Spatz Disease
33
Buzzwords Negri Bodies
Rabies
34
Buzzwords Pick's Bodies
Fronto-Temporal Dementia
35
Buzzwords Bunina Bodies
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
36
What is the mechanism of action of Riluzole?
inhibitor of glutamate release, slows disease progression, prolonging survival by approximately 3 months. Once started: blood counts and liver enzymes should be checked routinely 1 month
37
Histopathologic feature that correlate best with the severity of dementia: ``` A. neurofibrillary tangles B. amyloid plaques C. neuronal loss D. A and B E. A and C ```
E. A and C
38
Earliest histopathologic feature of Alzheimer Disease: ``` A. neurofibrillary tangles B. amyloid plaques C. neuronal loss D. A and B E. A and C ```
B. amyloid plaques
39
Mechanism of Action of Memantine A. NMDA Agonist B. NMDA Antagonist C. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D. Acetylcholinesterase agonist
B. NMDA Antagonist
40
Mechanism of Action of Rivastigmine A. NMDA Agonist B. NMDA Antagonist C. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor D. Acetylcholinesterase and butylcholinesterase Inhibitor
D. Acetylcholinesterase and butylcholinesterase Inhibitor
41
Which of the following is not a Tauopathy? A. Alzheimer Disease B. Lewy Body Dementia C. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy D. Corticobasal Degeneration
B. Lewy Body Dementia
42
Where can you localize lesions affecting semantic memory (autobiographical memory)? What are examples?
Bilateral Hippocamus - hypoxic-anoxic syndrome - Alzheimer Disease - Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
43
What is the anatomic region involved in Immediate Recall? A. Perisylvian Cortex of Dominant Hemisphere B. Association Cortex C. Occipital Lobes D. Anterior Inferior temporal and Frontal Lobes
A. Perisylvian Cortex of Dominant Hemisphere
44
What is the anatomic region involved in Working Memory? A. Perisylvian Cortex of Dominant Hemisphere B. Association Cortex C. Occipital Lobes D. Prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobes, dorsomedial thalamus
D. Prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobes, dorsomedial thalamus
45
What is the anatomic region involved in Semantic Memory? A. Perisylvian Cortex of Dominant Hemisphere B. Anterior, inferior temporal and Frontal Lobes C. Occipital Lobes D. Prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobes, dorsomedial thalamus
B. Anterior, inferior temporal and Frontal Lobes
46
What is the anatomic region involved in Episodic Memory? A. Perisylvian Cortex of Dominant Hemisphere B. Association Cortex C. Occipital Lobes D. Anterior Inferior temporal and Frontal Lobes
B. Association Cortex
47
What is the anatomic region involved in Procedural Memory? A. Perisylvian Cortex of Dominant Hemisphere B. Association Cortex C. Premotor and Motor Cortex, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum D. Anterior Inferior temporal and Frontal Lobes
C. Premotor and Motor Cortex, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum
48
What is the anatomic region involved in Visual Memory? A. Perisylvian Cortex of Dominant Hemisphere B. Association Cortex C. Occipital Lobes D. Anterior Inferior temporal and Frontal Lobes
C. Occipital Lobes
49
Which type of memory is involved in agitation or confusion? A. Working Memory B. Semantic Memory C. Episodic Memory D. Immediate Recall
D. Immediate Recall
50
Which type of memory is primarily involved in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? A. Working Memory B. Semantic Memory C. Procedural Memory D. Immediate Recall
A. Working Memory
51
Which type of memory is primarily involved in Fronto-temporal Dementia? A. Working Memory B. Semantic Memory C. Episodic Memory D. Immediate Recall
B. Semantic Memory
52
Which type of memory has a function on repetition? A. Working Memory B. Semantic Memory C. Episodic Memory D. Immediate Recall
D. Immediate Recall
53
Which type of memory has a function on short-term recall of objects, plans, names and sequencing? A. Working Memory B. Semantic Memory C. Episodic Memory D. Immediate Recall
A. Working Memory
54
Which type of memory has a function on recall for facts and relationships? A. Working Memory B. Semantic Memory C. Episodic Memory D. Immediate Recall
B. Semantic Memory
55
Which type of memory has a function on recall for temporally organized events? A. Working Memory B. Semantic Memory C. Episodic Memory D. Immediate Recall
C. Episodic Memory
56
Which type of memory has a function on operational recall ("how to")? A. Working Memory B. Procedural Memory C. Episodic Memory D. Immediate Recall
B. Procedural Memory
57
Where will you localize pseudobulbar affect? A. Bilateral Corticobulbar pathways B. Bilateral Frontal Operculum C. Bilateral Anterior Thalamic Nuclei D. Bilateral Dorsomedial Thalamic Nuclei
A. Bilateral Corticobulbar pathways
58
Pick Bodies Intranuclear or Intracytoplasmic?
Intracytoplasmic
59
Buzzwords intracytoplasmic inclusions that contain accumulations of abnormal tau proteins
Pick Bodies

ANSB Review (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions