neurodegenerative diseases Flashcards

1
Q

parkinsons

A

muscle rigidity,bradykinesia,tremors
imbalanced ach/dopa
mutual inhibitory pathway disabled due to deletion of dopaminergic neurons in substantial migration

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2
Q

pseudoparkinsonism

A

PHENOTHIAZINE

HALOPERIDOL by blocking dopaminergic neurons

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3
Q

drugs in Parkinson treatment

A

LEVODOPA AND CARBIDOPA
SELEGINLINE AND RASAGILINE
ENTACAPONE AND TOLCAPONE
BROMOMCRIPTINE
APOMORPHINE PRAMIPEXOLE ROPINEROLE ROTIGOTINE
AMANTIDINE
ANTIMUSCARINIC(TRIHEXYLPHENIDYL,BENZOTRIPINE,PROCYCLIDINE)

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4
Q

LEVODOPA AND CARBIDOPA

A

enhance synthesis of dopamine and dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor respectively(inc COMT)
cardiac arrhythmia common(TACHY AND VENTRICULAR EXTRASYSTOLES WITH HYPOTENSION)
levo short half life ON OFF PHENOMENA(MOTOR FLUCTUATIONS)
MOOD CHANGES DEPRESSION (ACUTE PSYCHOSIS)
B6 increases levodopa breakdown

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5
Q

phenelzine and levodopa

A

HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
s a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a stroke. Extremely high blood pressure 180 or higher (diastolic pressure) can damage blood vessels.

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6
Q

SELEGILINE AND RASAGILINE(DEPRENYL/irreversible)

A

INHIBIT MAO TYPE B(only dopa)

metabolized to mephetamine and amphetamine producing insomnia

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7
Q

entacapone

A

inhibit COMT inc by levodopa

no toxicity

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8
Q

tolacapone

A

inhibit COMT

hepatic necrosis, dyskinesia,sleep disorders

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9
Q

bromocriptine

A

ergot derivative
dopamine agonist
could cause pulmonary and retroperitoneal fibrosis
mental condition gets worse

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10
Q

apomorphine

A

dopa agonist

acute management of hypomobility off in extreme parkinsons

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11
Q

ROTIGOTINE

A

TRANSDERMAL PATCH DOPA AGONIST

alleviate motor deficits in advance Parkinsonism

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12
Q

cimetidine

A

DOPA AGONIST

inhibit renal tubular secretion of organic bases inc half life of pramipexole

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13
Q

AMANTIDINE

A

antiviral drug
inhibit NMDA,inc DOPA,ANTICHOLINERGIC
INDUCE ACTUTE TOXIC PSYCHOSIS
antiparkinsonian

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14
Q

benztropine
trihexylphenidyl
biperiden
procyclidine

A

anticholinergics and antiparkinsonian correcting imbalance

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15
Q

alzeihmers

A

beta amyloid accumulations
loss of cholinergic neurons
numerous neurofibilary tangles

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16
Q

treat alzeihmers

A
ACHE inhibitors(donepizil galantamine rivastigmine)
nmda receptor antagonist as they cause apoptosis by increasing Ca MEMANTINE
17
Q

MEMANTINE

A

anti alzeihmers
NMDA antagonist
in combination with ACHE

18
Q

M.S drugs acute

A

dexamethasone
prednisone
cyclophosphamide and azathioprine (chemo)

19
Q

M.S dec relapse drugs

A
IFN BETA 1A/1B
GLATIRAMER
FINGOLIMOD
TERIFLUNOMIDE
DIMETHYL FUMARATE
NATALIZUMAB
MITOXANTRONE
20
Q

INF 1A/1B

A

treat M.S diminish inflammation avoiding demyelination

hepatic enzymes increase

21
Q

glatiramer

A

resemble myelin
treat M.S
decoys t-cell attack

22
Q

teriflunomide

A

treat M.S LOWERS LYMPHOCYTES
ELEVATE LIVER ENZYMES
NOT IN PREGNANCY

23
Q

FINGOLIMOD

A

alter Lympho migration
treat M.S
first dose bradycardia
macular edema

24
Q

dimethyl fumarate

A

alter cell to fit rod attack

treat m.s

25
Q

natalizumab

A

monoclonal antibody

treat m.s when first line treatment fails

26
Q

MITOXANTRONE

A

KILLS T-CELLS TREAT M.S

CYTOTOXIC ANTHRACYCLINE

27
Q

TREAT M.S SYMPTOMATIC

A

dalfampridine potassium channel blocker

improve walking spatsticutu cimstipation depression

28
Q

als treatment

A

NMDA ANTAGONIST

RILUZOLE