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NMSP Exam III > Neurodevelopment Disorders (Cooley) > Flashcards

Neurodevelopment Disorders (Cooley) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a global developmental delay?

A

the diagnosis given when a patient meets observational criteria for an intellectual disability but is unable to be diagnosed

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2
Q

What are the 3 areas where you should look for adaptive functioning deficits?

A
  1. Conceptual
  2. Social
  3. Practical
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3
Q

Conceptual adaptive functioning deficit examples

A

reasoning, problem-solving, planning, judgment, academic learning and learning from experience

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4
Q

Social adaptive functioning deficit examples

A

difficulty making friends and reading social cues, language is more concrete, difficulty controlling emotions and behaviors in social situation, gulliable

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5
Q

Practical adaptive functioning deficit examples

A

difficulty with personal care, grocery shopping, transportation, food prep and money management

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6
Q

What signs and symptoms should you look for in an adult that may have an intellectual disability?

A

-academic skills typically at an elementary level
-support is required for all use of academic skills
-assistance needed for dad-to-day conceptual tasks
-caregivers need to take over these responsibilities fully for the individual

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7
Q

What 4 domains does the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) screen?

A

gross motor
fine motor
language
personal-social

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8
Q

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

A

test performed by health services clinical psychologist that measures a child’s intellectual ability

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of communication disorders?

A
  1. language disorder
  2. speech sound disorder
  3. social communication disorder
  4. childhood-onset fluency disorder
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10
Q

Language disorder

A

has to do with use of spoken WORDS; sign language, written words and pictures (reduced vocabulary)

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11
Q

Speech sound disorder

A

has to do with the quality of speech SOUNDS (difficulty making the correct sounds)

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12
Q

Social communication disorder

A

has to do with behavior for SOCIAL INTERACTION (verbal and non-verbal)

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13
Q

Childhood-onset fluency disorder

A

has to do with the fluency of their speech sounds (stuttering)

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14
Q

What are 7 key things to look for in Autism Spectrum disorder?

A
  1. deficits in social-emotional reciprocity (reduced sharing of interest)
  2. deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction (eye contact, facial expressions and gestures)
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15
Q

Sensory integration deficits is commonly seen in what type of disorder?

A

Autism spectrum disorder; abnormal reaction to sensory input (hyper or hyporeactivity) - either overreacts or under reacts

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16
Q

What is one of the most distinctive features of autism?

A

Sensory integration deficits; abnormal reaction to sensory input (hyper or hyporeactivity) - either overreacts or under reacts

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17
Q

What are the two criteria that best differentiate Intellectual Disability from Autism Spectrum?

A
  1. restricted interest
  2. repetitive behaviors
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18
Q

What are the only two FDA drugs approved for irritability and agitation associated with autism?

A
  1. risperidone
  2. aripiprazole
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19
Q

What is the most commonly misdiagnosed neurodevelopment disorder?

A

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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20
Q

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

Executive Function Deficits that interfere with the ability to gain, sustain and shift focus

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21
Q

What population of children are least likely to receive consistent ADHD medication treatment?

A

the poorest children

22
Q

Females are more likely to be diagnosed with that subtype of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared to boys?

A

the inattentive subtype

23
Q

Referral bias that causes under-identification and lack of treatment for females with ADHD is primarily due to what?

A

less disruptive behavior (females typically present with the inattentive subtype of ADHD)

24
Q

What is the most common cause of attention and concentration problems in patients diagnosed with ADHD?

A

mood disorders

25
Q

What can exacerbate the potential for Tic Disorders in ADHD patients?

A

stimulant medications

26
Q

Tourette’s Syndrome

A

childhood onset of multiple motor and vocal tics lasting more than a year; commonly seen with ADHD and OCD (making a triad of symptoms)

27
Q

Tourette’s Triad

A
  1. Tourette’s syndrome - childhood onset of multiple motor and vocal tics lasting more than a year
  2. ADHD
  3. OCD
28
Q

ADHD has been proven to be due to a deficiency in what two hormones?

A

Dopamine and norepinephrine

29
Q

What part of the brain is primarily affected by ADHD?

A

the prefrontal cortex; more specifically the dorsal anterior midcingulate cortex (daMCC)

30
Q

What are the 3 types of ADHD?

A
  1. inattentive type
  2. hyperactive type
  3. combine type
31
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHA according to the DSM-5?

A
  1. children with 6 or/+ symptoms within a category
  2. 17+ yrs at least 5 symptoms within a category
  3. the combined type must meet the full criteria for both inattentive and hyperactive
32
Q

What are the 9 possible symptoms needed to diagnose inattentive ADHD?

A
  1. fails to give close attention to details
  2. difficulty sustaining attention
  3. does not appear to listen
  4. struggles to follow through on instructions
  5. difficulty with organization
  6. avoids/dislikes tasks requiring thinking
  7. loses things
  8. easily distracted
  9. forgetful in daily activities
33
Q

What are the 8 possible symptoms needed to diagnose hyperactive ADHD?

A
  1. fidgets or squirms in chair
  2. difficulty remaining seated
  3. runs/climbs excessively (adults - restlessness)
  4. difficulty engaging in activities
  5. acts as if driven by a motor
  6. talk excessively
  7. blurts out responses
  8. difficulty waiting or taking turns
34
Q

What are the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) clinical practice guidelines for preschool-aged children (4-5 yrs) with ADHD?

A

prescribe evidence-based parent/teacher behavior management and if child continues with symptoms then prescribe methylphenidate

35
Q

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) when should methylphenidate be prescribed for preschool-aged children (4-5 yrs) with ADHD?

A

if the child continues with symptoms after being prescribed evidence-based parent/teacher behavior management

36
Q

What are the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) clinical practice guidelines for elementary-aged children (6-11 yrs) with ADHD?

A

prescribe FDA-approved medications OR evidence-based parent/teacher behavior management; preferably BOTH

37
Q

What are the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) clinical practice guidelines for adolescents (12-18 yrs) with ADHD?

A

prescribe FDA-approved medications for ADHD; preferably BOTH medication and behavior management should be used together

38
Q

What are the 3 types of motor disorders?

A
  1. developmental coordination disorder
  2. stereotypical movement disorder
  3. Tic Disorders
39
Q

Developmental coordination disorder

A

problems with coordinated motor skills that interfere with school, leisure and activities and also self-care and self-maintenance that is NOT attributable to a neurological condition

40
Q

Problems with coordinated motor skills that interfere with school, leisure, and activities and also self-care and self-maintenance that is NOT attributable to a neurological condition is describing which motor disorder?

A

Developmental coordination disorder

41
Q

Stereotypical movement disorder

A

repetitive, compulsive, and purposeless motor behavior that interferes with social, academic, or other activities that is not attributable to drugs or a neurological condition.

42
Q

repetitive, compulsive, and purposeless motor behavior that interferes with social, academic, or other activities that is not attributable to drugs or a neurological condition describes which movement disorder?

A

Stereotypical movement disorder

43
Q

What are the 2 categories of Tic Disorders?

A
  1. Tourette’s disorder
  2. Persistent (chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
44
Q

Definition of Tic Disorders

A

sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization

45
Q

What are some comorbidities of Tourette’s Disorder?

A

ADHD, OCD, Anxiety disorder, Mood disorders (risk of suicide), disruptive behaviors, learning disabilities and sleep disorders

46
Q

Medications for Tourette’s Disorder

A

antidopaminergic - may cause tardive dyskinesia
dopamine depleters - does NOT cause tardive dyskinesia

and others (antipsychotics, alpha 2 agonist, botulism, anticonvulsants)

47
Q

Which medication used to treat Tourette’s Disorder may cause tardive dyskinesia?

A

antidopaminergic drugs - haloperidol, pimozide, and aripiprazole

48
Q

Persistent (chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

A

a tic disorder that is characterized by single/multiple motor OR vocal tics present during the illness but NOT BOTH that is not caused by drugs or another medical condition

49
Q

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure causes the child to have a problem in what 3 areas?

A
  1. thinking and memory
  2. behavior problems
  3. trouble with day-today living
50
Q

What is the diagnosis criteria for Neurobehavioral Disorder - Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE)?

A

mother of the child must have consumed more than 13 alcoholic drinks per month during any 30-day period of pregnancy or more than 2 alcoholic drinks in one setting

51
Q

What are some behavior problems associated with Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)?

A

poor coordination
difficulty in school (**math)
intellectual disability or low IQ
small head size (microcephaly)
abnormal facial features (philtrum)

NMSP Exam III (6 decks)

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