Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURS 406 > Neurodevelopmental Disorders > Flashcards

Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Who is it harder to diagnose Neurodevelopmental Disorders in children or adults?

A

Not diagnosed as easily in children as compared to adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is it difficult to diagnose neurodevelopmental disorders in children?

A

Lack of abstract cognitive abilities and verbal skills

Constantly changing and developing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the similar problems of neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adults?

A

Similar problems as in adults such as mood, anxiety, and eating disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When are neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed?

A

Usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood; sometimes in adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Pervasive, usually severe impairment of reciprocal social interaction skills, communication deviance, restricted stereotypical behavioral patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) are now viewed as what?

A

Previous PDDs now viewed on continuum called autism spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Autism Spectrum Disorder range?

A

Range from mild to severe behaviors and limitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does Autism Spectrum Disorder present?

A

Present by early childhood (18 months to 3 years); more prevalent in boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the qualities of someone with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A

Little eye contact, few facial expressions, limited gestures to communicate, limited capacity to relate to peers or parents, lack of spontaneous enjoyment, express no moods or emotional affect, inability to engage in play or make-believe with toys, little intelligible speech, stereotyped motor behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three major signs of ASD?

A

little eye contact

limited gestures to communicate

stereotyped motor behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Etiology of ASD?

A

Genetic link

Controversy with MMR vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does ASD improve?

A

Tendency to improve with acquisition and use of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are the traits of ASD throughout adulthood?

A

Traits persist into adulthood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the treatment goals of ASD?

A

Treatment goals: reduce behavioral symptoms, promote learning and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is included in the treatment for ASD?

A

Special education, language therapy; medications for specific target symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are specific autism interventions?

A

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).

Verbal behavior intervention(VBI)

Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication-handicapped Children (TEACCH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

A

Child learn positive behaviors and reduce negative ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Verbal behavior intervention(VBI)

A

focuses on language skills.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication-handicapped Children (TEACCH)

A

Visual cues such as picture cards to help learn everyday skills like getting dressed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

FDA approved Autism Medication Treatment

A

FDA approved: Risperidone & Aripiprazole (Abilify)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the FDA approved meds for autism used for specifically?

A

Autism related irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tourette disorder:

A

multiple motor tics, one or more vocal tics. It involves uncontrollable repetitive movements or unwanted sounds (tics), such as repeatedly blinking the eyes, shrugging shoulders, or blurting out offensive words.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the cause of Tourette’s disorder?

A

Genetic involvement although exact cause is unknown.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When do tics in tourette’s appear?

A

Tics appear between ages 2 and 15, with the average being around 6 years of age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Who is more likely to develop Tourette's? By how much?
Males are about three to four times more likely than females to develop Tourette syndrome.
26
When do tics become controlled or lessened?
Tics often lessen or become controlled after the teen years.
27
What are FDA approved drugs for Tourette's?
FDA approved haloperidol (Haldol), pimozide (Orap), and aripiprazole (Abilify)
28
What drugs are used off label for Tourette's
Off label: alpha adrenergic agonists (clonidine & guanificine)
29
Other than drugs, what else is used for Tourette's treatment?
Psychotherapy
30
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Fear and anxiety developmentally inappropriate
31
What is the worry for people with separation anxiety disorder?
Worry about harm to or permanent loss of major attachment figure
32
What is a common manifestation of anxiety?
School phobia as a common manifestation of anxiety
33
What is the most common anxiety disorder?
Separation Anxiety Disorder
34
What is the mean age that Separation Anxiety Disorder occurs?
Occurs at a mean age of 7
35
What are the risk factors of developing separation anxiety disorder?
Risk factors: parents with anxiety disorder (one or both), parental depression
36
OCD
Intrusive thoughts (obsessions), ritualized behaviors (compulsions), or both
37
What is the treatment for OCD?
Treatment: cognitive behavior therapy, psychoeducation, cognitive training, SSRIs
38
What is the nurse management of OCD?
Nursing management: distinguish between normal and pathologic; antidepressants and close monitoring (black box warning)
39
What mood disorder accounts for the highest percent?
Depression
40
How are children likely to show suffering of mood disorder?
Children more likely to show suffering through behavior rather than expression of feelings
41
What are medications of mood disorders?
Antidepressants for depression (use of SSRIs requiring frequent monitoring) Mood stabilizers or antipsychotics for bipolar disorders
42
How is childhood schizophrenia diagnosed?
Diagnosed by same criteria as in adults
43
How is the functioning of children who have earlier schizophrenia diagnosis compared to later (adult) onset?
Poorer premorbid functioning than later (adult) onset*
44
What is the treatment for childhood schizophrenia?
Antipsychotics for symptoms Parent education Long-term management
45
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Inattentiveness, overactivity, impulsiveness
46
ADHD is a persistent pattern of what?
Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
47
When is ADHD diagnosed?
Often diagnosed when child starts school*
48
How do children with ADHD act in school? How are they treated?
Fidgeting, noisy, disruptive, unable to complete tasks, failure to follow directions, blurting out answers, lost or forgotten homework Possible ostracize/ridicule by peers
49
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) etiology
Cause unknown: possible cortical-arousal, information-processing, or maturational abnormalities in the brain
50
Theories of ADHD etiology?
Other theories: environmental toxins, prenatal influences, heredity, damage to brain structure and functions Parental exposure to drugs, lead Decreased metabolism in frontal lobes
51
Goals of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Goals: managing symptoms, reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity, increasing child’s attention
52
What is needed to treat ADHD?
Combination of medications, behavioral, psychosocial, and educational interventions
53
What are home and school strategies of ADHD?
Consistent rewards and consequences Therapeutic play
54
ADHD and Nursing Process Application : History
fussy as infant; “out of control”; difficulties in all major life areas
55
ADHD and Nursing Process Application : General appearance and motor behavior
General appearance and motor behavior: inability to sit still; inability to carry on conversation; abrupt jumping from topic to topic
56
ADHD and Nursing Process Application : Mood and affect:
possibly labile, anxiety, frustration, agitation
57
ADHD and Nursing Process Application: Sensorium and intellectual processes
impaired ability to pay attention or concentrate
58
ADHD and Nursing Process Application: Judgement and insight
poor; impulsive
59
ADHD and Nursing Process Application: Self concept
low self-esteem; negative reactions to behavior
60
ADHD and Nursing Process Application: Roles and Relationships
academic, social problems
61
ADHD and Nursing Process Application: Physiological and self-care:
may be thin; trouble settling down; sleeping problems
62
ADHD and Nursing Process Application: Outcome identification
Free of injury No violation of others’ boundaries Demonstrate age-appropriate social skills Complete tasks Follow directions
63
What is the first choice of medication used to treat ADHD?
Stimulants, also called psychostimulants, are often the first choice of medications used to treat ADHD. 
64
ADHD and Nursing Process Application:Interventions
Ensuring safety Improving role performance Simplifying instructions Promoting structured daily routine* Providing client and family education and support
65
Why are psychostimulants effective?
Offer the most effective way to reduce symptoms like impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattentiveness.
66
What is the mechanism of action for Stimulants?
Block reuptake & subsequent release of Norepinephrine Dopamine
67
Adverse effects of stimulants
Insomnia Increased heart rate Anorexia, weight loss, growth stunted Potential for abuse r/e to euphoria
68
Stimulants to treat ADHD include:
Amphetamines Methylphenidate Methylphenidate Agents
69
Amphetamines include:
Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine combination Dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine) Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
70
Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine combination includes:
Adderall (Immediate release) Adderall XR (Extended release)
71
Methylphenidate structure is similar to what/.
This drug’s chemical structure is similar to amphetamines.
72
Difference between amphetamines and methylphenidate?
Methamphetamine is more potent than amphetamines*
73
How should you consume Methamphetamine?
Swallow caps/tablets as a whole/do not crush or chew
74
When are nonstimulants prescribed to someone with ADHD?
Prescribed if a person with ADHD can't tolerate stimulant medication because of severe side effects. Some health conditions also prevent the use of stimulants, such as certain psychiatric disorders, sleep disorders, cardiovascular disease, or a history of stimulant abuse.
75
Example of nonstimulant used for ADHD treatment?
Atomoxetine (Straterra) Guanfacine (Tenex) Clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS, Duraclon, Jenloga, Kapvay)
76
What are the benefits of Atomoxetine (Straterra)?
Administered once a day No potential for abuse Effect seen in 1-3 weeks
77
What are the adverse effects of nonstimulant atomoxetine?
Adverse effects/ insomnia/ decrease appetite
78
Guanfacine (Tenex) Principal side effects
decreased blood pressure somnolence (drowsy) fatigue
79
When can you not give clonidine?
No anorexia or insomnia Swallow tablets whole/ do not crush or chew
80
Mental Health Promotion Of ____
Early detection and successful intervention Early detection of potential problems (SNAP-IV Teacher and Parent Rating Scale)
81
Early intervention may include collaborating with:
School psychologist Pediatrician Physiotherapist Teacher Neurologist Family Speech therapist OT
82
Self-Awareness Issues
Recognize own beliefs about parenting, how they differ from others. Focus on child’s and parents’ strengths, not just problems. Support parents; efforts to remain hopeful. Ask parents how they are doing.

NURS 406 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions