neurodynamic testing

Question 1

Name three red flags of an Lx disc protrusion.

Answer 1

Saddle paresthesia; change to bowel/bladder function; foot drop/clumsiness in lower limb

Question 2

Name the ventricles of the brain and their general location

Answer 2

lateral ventricles (deep to cerebral hemispheres); third ventricle (between left & right thalamus); 4th ventricle (connected by cerebral aqueduct, posterior to pons & upper medulla oblongata)

Question 3

What are the three cardinal signs of meningitis?

Answer 3

headaches, nuchal stiffness, fever

Question 4

Name the three layers of the meninges in order from deep to superficial

Answer 4

Pia Mater, Arachnoid, Dura Mater

Question 5

How do you remove bias from the sciatic nerve tension in the SLR test?

Answer 5

flex the knee and dorsiflex the ankle

Question 6

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that results from the entrapment of which peripheral nerve?

Answer 6

Median nerve

Question 7

Which peripheral nerve gives sensory supply to the medial two digits

Answer 7

ulnar nerve

Question 8

which peripheral nerve is best palpated in the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 8

Radial nerve

Question 9

which brachial plexus trunk gives rise to the radial and axillary nerves?

Answer 9

posterior

Question 10

how do you modify the ULNTT’s to predict if there is a Cx component to the impingement?

Answer 10

side bend neck away from the limb being examined if Ssx increase, there is a likelihood Cx is involved.

Question 11

What nerve roots are tested for dysfunction in the straight leg raise?

Answer 11

L4, L5,S1 and s2

Question 12

three ways to accentuate stress on the neural pathways at the height of straight leg test

Answer 12

hip adduction; hip medial rotation; cervical spine flexion

Question 13

at the height of the straight leg test, what other nerve might be implicated through stress with the inversion and dorsiflexion of the foot

Answer 13

sural nerve

Question 14

What is Kernig’s test? what does a positive Kernig test result indicate?

Answer 14

the clinician takes the patient’s lower limb to 90 degrees of hip flexion and knee flexion. The practitioner then slowly extends the knee while maintaining the ankle in dorsiflexion. indicate meningeal irritation, inflammation or infection

Question 15

what are the nerve roots of the medial pectoral nerve?

Answer 15

C8, T1

Question 16

what are the nerve roots of the iliohypogastric?

Answer 16

T12, L1

Question 17

what grade is allotted to a muscle that can complete the ROM with gravity omitted?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

what is the site of the lesion in Upper Motor neurone syndrome?

Answer 18

cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord

Question 19

what is the muscle tone when dealing with UMN dysfunction?

Answer 19

increased (spasticity or rigidity)

Question 20

what are the reflexes with UMN dysfunction?

Answer 20

exaggerated or brisk positive Babinski

Question 21

three conditions that cause UMN dysfunction

Answer 21

stroke (ischaemic or hemorrhagic); amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; multiple sclerosis

Question 22

what could be the conditions that cause LMN?

Answer 22

peripheral nerve trauma/ compression; spinal muscular atrophy; Guillain-Barre syndrome; poliomyelitis.

Question 23

Myotome testing of C1 and C2 involves neck flexion and extension, what muscles are involved?

Answer 23

rectus lateralis, rectus capitus anterior, longus capitis, longus coli, longus cervicis, sternocleidomastoid

Question 24

Myotome testing of C3 involves neck lateral flexion, what muscles are involved?

Answer 24

longus capitis, longus cervicis,trapezius, scalenus medius

Question 25

Myotome testing of C4 involves scapular elevation, what muscles are involved?

Answer 25

diaphragm, trapezius, levator scapulae, scalenus anterior, scalenus medius

Question 26

Myotome testing of C5 involves shoulder abduction, what muscles are involved?

Answer 26

rhomboid major and minor, deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, biceps brachii, scalenes anterior, and medius.

Question 27

The supinator muscle supinates the forearm at the RU joints and flexes the forearm at the elbow joint. What is its innervation?

Answer 27

The Radial Nerve, C6, C7

Question 28

Myotome testing of C7 involves elbow extension and wrist flexion, what muscles are involved?

Answer 28

serratus anterior,latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, pectoralis major (sternal head),pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis,extensor carpi radialis longus,extensor carpi radialis brevis,extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior.

Question 29

Myotome testing of C8 involves thumb extension and ulnar deviation, what muscles are involved?

Answer 29

pectoralis major (sternal head),pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus, flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus,extensor pollicis longus,, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior

Question 30

Myotome testing of T1 involves thumb extension and ulnar deviation, what muscles are involved?

Answer 30

Flexor digitorum profundus, intrinsic muscles of the hand (except extensor pollicis brevis) flexor pollicis brevis,opponens pollicis

Question 30

Myotome testing of L1-L2 involves hip flexion, what muscles are involved?

Answer 30

psoas, iliacus, sartorius, gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis

Question 30

Myotome testing of L3 involves knee extension, what muscles are involved?

Answer 30

quadriceps, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis

Question 31

Myotome testing of L4 involves ankle dorsiflexion, what muscles are involved?

Answer 31

tibialis anterior, quadriceps, tensor fasciae latae, adductor magnus, obturator externus, tibialis posterior

Question 32

Myotome testing of L5 involves toe extension, what muscles are involved?

Answer 32

extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, gluteus medius and minimus, obturator internus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, peroneus tertius, popliteus

Question 33

Myotome testing of S1 involves ankle plantarflexion and ankle eversion, what muscles are involved?

Answer 33

gastrocnemius, soleus, gluteus maximus, obturator internus, piriformis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, popliteus, peroneus longus and brevis, extensor digitorum brevis

Question 34

Myotome testing of S2 involves hip extension and knee flexion, what muscles are involved?

Answer 34

The primary hip extensors are the gluteus maximus the long head of the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. The extensor head of the adductor magnus is also considered a primary hip extensor. The knee flexors include the set of hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and popliteus.

Question 35

what are the nerve roots of the deltoid?

Answer 35

Axillary C5,C6

Question 36

what are the nerve roots of the latissimus Dorsi?

Answer 36

thoracodorsal C6, C7, C8

Question 37

what are the nerve roots of the Teres Major?

Answer 37

lower subscapular C5, C6, C7

Question 38

what are the nerve roots of the supraspinatus?

Answer 38

suprascapular C4, C5,C6

Question 39

what are the nerve roots of the teres minor?

Answer 39

axillary C5,C6

Question 40

what are the nerve roots of the infraspinatus?

Answer 40

suprascapular C4, C5, C6

Question 41

what are the nerve roots of the subscapularis?

Answer 41

upper and lower subscapular C5,C6,C7

Question 42

what are the nerve roots of the rhomboid major and minor?

Answer 42

dorsal scapular C4, C5

Question 43

what are the nerve roots of the levator scapular?

Answer 43

cervical C3, C4 and dorsal scapular C4, C5

Question 44

what are the nerve roots of the serratus anterior?

Answer 44

long thoracic C5, C6,C7, C8

Question 45

what are the nerve roots of the upper fibers of the pectoralis major?

Answer 45

lateral pectoral C5, C6,C7

Question 46

what are the nerve roots of the lower fibers of the pectoralis major?

Answer 46

lateral and medial pectoral C6,C7, C8, T1

Question 47

what are the nerve roots of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 47

medial pectoral with fibres from a communicating branch of the lateral pectoral C6, C7, C8,T1

Question 48

what are the nerve roots of the subclavius?

Answer 48

subclavian C5,C6

Question 49

what are the nerve roots of the biceps brachii?

Answer 49

musculocutaneous C5, C6

Question 50

what are the nerve roots of the triceps brachii?

Answer 50

radial C6, C7, C8 T1

Question 51

what are the nerve roots of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 51

musculocutaneous C6,C7

Question 52

what are the nerve roots of the brachialis?

Answer 52

musculocutaneous C5, c6

Question 53

what are the nerve roots of the brachioradialis?

Answer 53

radial C5, C6

Question 54

what are the nerve roots of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

Answer 54

longus C5, C6, C7, C8 brevis C6, C7, C8

Question 55

what are the nerve roots of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 55

Radial C6, C7, C8

Question 56

what are the nerve roots of the extensor digitorum?

Answer 56

Radial C6, C7,C8

Question 57

what are the nerve roots of the anconeus?

Answer 57

Radial C7, C8

Question 58

what are the nerve roots of the extensor indicis?

Answer 58

Radial C6, C7, C8

Question 59

what are the nerve roots of the flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 59

Median C6, C7,C8

Question 60

what are the nerve roots of the palmaris longus?

Answer 60

Median C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 61

what are the nerve roots of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 61

ulnar C7, C8, T1

Question 62

what are the nerve roots of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 62

median C7, C8, T1

Question 63

what are the nerve roots of the flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 63

second & third fingers Median C7, C8, T1 fourth and fifth fingers Ulnar C7,C8, T1

Question 64

what are the nerve roots of the pronator teres?

Answer 64

median C6, C7

Question 65

what are the nerve roots of the pronator quadratus?

Answer 65

median C7, C8, T1

Question 66

what are the nerve roots of the supinator?

Answer 66

radial C5, C6,C7

Question 67

what are the nerve roots of the quadriceps femoris group?

Answer 67

Femoral L2, l3,L4

Question 68

what are the nerve roots of the biceps femoris?

Answer 68

long head sciatic (tibial) L5, S1, S2, S3 short head sciatic (peroneal) L5, S1,S2

Question 69

what are the nerve roots of the semitendinosus?

Answer 69

Sciatic (tibial) L4,l5,S1,S2

Question 70

ULTT what is the second stage of stretching the radial nerve?

Answer 70

bring the arm to 10 degrees of abduction

Question 71

ULTT where do you stand in the first stage of stretching the radial nerve, doing what?

Answer 71

at the head of the table, hip against the shoulder, depressing it

Question 72

ULTT what is the third stage of stretching the radial nerve?

Answer 72

flex the elbow to 90 degrees

Question 73

ULTT what is the fourth stage of stretching the radial nerve

Answer 73

pronate the forearm

Question 74

ULTT what are the final stages of stretching the radial nerve

Answer 74

flex the wrist and overpressure it and then extend the elbow

Question 75

ULTT where are you facing in the initial stage of stretching the ulna nerve

Answer 75

standing beside the client's hip, depressing the shoulder

Question 76

ULTT what is the second stage of stretching the ulna

Answer 76

abduct the arm up to 90 degrees

Question 77

ULTT what is the third stage of stretching the ulna

Answer 77

pronate the forearm (so that wrist faces away from the body)

Question 78

ULTT what is the fourth stage of stretching the ulna

Answer 78

extend thumb and fingers

Question 79

ULTT how do you complete the stretching of the ulna?

Answer 79

go into lateral rotation of the shoulder, and slowly bring his fingers towards his ear.

Question 80

ULTT what are the seven stages of stretching the median nerve in the first method?

Answer 80

1 stand beside the client's hip, and depress the shoulder. 2. abduct the arm to 90 degrees, and support the arm on the thigh 3. Flex the elbow to 90 degrees 4. then laterally rotate the patient's shoulder (rolling arm on your thigh) 5. extend your client's wrist and fingers 6. Slowly extend the elbow 7. you can further stress the nerve by having the client flex his neck to the opposite side.

Question 81

ULTT talk me through the stages of the second method of stretching the median nerve

Answer 81

1 stand at your client's shoulder, hip depressing the shoulder 2. Fully extend and adduct the arm 10 degrees 3. flex the elbow to 90 degrees 4. supinate the forearm. 5. extend the fingers and wrist 6. slowly extend the elbow.