Neurogenic Development

Question 2

when does the human brain begin its development?

Answer 2

3rd post conception week

Question 3

what are the periods of brain development?

Answer 3

embryonic period

fetal development

post natal development

adolescent brain

Question 4

how long does the embryonic period of brain development last?

Answer 4

until gestational week 8

Question 5

what are the two layers of the embryo?

Answer 5

epiblast

hypoblast

Question 6

igration of cells in an embryo is determined by what?

Answer 6

nodal signalling

Question 7

embryonic cells migrate through what?

Answer 7

primitive streak

then rostral caudal migration

Question 8

what are the three layers of an embryo?

Answer 8

ectoderm

mesoderm

endoderm

Question 9

ectoderm layer gives rise to what?

Answer 9

skin

nails

hair

neural tissue

Question 10

mesdoerm gives rise to what?

Answer 10

muscle

bone

cartilage

vascular system

Question 11

endoderm gives rise to what?

Answer 11

gut and respirtory system

Question 12

what is the first well defined neural structure to form?

when does this occur?

Answer 12

neural tube at day 20-27

Question 13

what condition occurs if the neural tube does not close properly?

Answer 13

spina bifida

Question 14

what lines the inside of the neural tube?

Answer 14

neural progenitors

Question 15

the hollow centre of the neural tube is termed what?

Answer 15

the ventricular zone

Question 16

the rostral/caudal tube will become the brain

Answer 16

rostral → brain

caudal → spinal cord

Question 17

name the three primary brain vesicles

Answer 17

prosencephalon (forebrain)

mesencephalon (midbrain)

rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 18

at what stage do the three primary brain vesicles form?

Answer 18

3-4 week embryo

Question 19

which signalling molecules are present in the neocortex?

Answer 19

Emx2

Pax6

Question 20

high conc of which signalling molecules in the neocortex give rise to motor neurones and which to visual cortical neurones?

Answer 20

high conc Emx2 → motor neurones

high conc Pax6 → visual cortical neurones

Question 21

genes are expressed differently at the anterioir and posterior portions of the brain true/false?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

what is the term used to describe the smooth contour of the brain initially?

Answer 22

lissencephalic

Question 23

what is the name given to the folded appearqance of the mature brain?

Answer 23

sulcal and gyral pattern

Question 24

describe the division of the neuronal progenitor cells over the fetal period?

Answer 24

divide symetrically in ventricular zone i.e two identical cells arise then,

asymmetrical division i.e one progenitor cell and one neuron unable to further divide

Question 25

of progenitor cells and neurons which ones remian inthe ventricular zoen ans which migrate to the developing neocortex?

Answer 25

progenitor cells remain in ventriuclar zone neurons migrate to neocortex

Question 26

what are the three types of neuronal migration?

Answer 26

**somal translocation-** neurone moves itself **radial glial guides-** follows (climbign rope) **tangential migration and sognalling-** horizontal movement

Question 27

what structures transmit signals from neurones?

Answer 27

axons

Question 28

which structures gather info and transmit to neurones?

Answer 28

dendrites

Question 29

multiple dendrites form what around a neurone?

Answer 29

arbors

Question 30

what is the term used when brain vesicles fail to form properly?

Answer 30

holoprosencephaly

Question 31

what are three disroders of myelination?

Answer 31

hypolyelination dysmyelination demyelination

Question 32

which gene encodes the predominant myelin protien in the CNS?

Answer 32

PLP1 gene