Neuroimaging

Question 1

Is neuroimaging correlation or causation?

Answer 1

Correlation

Question 2

What does the majority of neuroimaging studies focus on?

Answer 2

Patient who have already had brain differences.

Question 3

What is single dissociation?

Answer 3

The loss or impairment of a brain function can be related to a single physical difference in the brain. e.g. language production related to brocas area in the frontal lobe.

Question 4

What is double dissociation?

Answer 4

A situation where a single dissociation can be demonstrated in one person but the opposite type of single dissociation can be present in another, non reliable or constant causes.

Question 5

What is triple dissociation?

Answer 5

Where a single dissociation of related brain processes can be demonstrated in 3 different individuals indicating independence of subprocesses.

Question 6

What are the two types of strokes?

Answer 6

Ischemic stroke: a clot block s blood flow to an area of the brain.
Hemorrhagic stroke: Bleeding occurs inside or around the brain tissue.

Question 7

What is hemispherical neglect?

Answer 7

A condition after damage to one hemisphere of the brain, deficit in attention or awareness of one side of the body. Commonly contralateral to the damaged hemisphere.

Question 8

What are the symptoms of hemispherical neglect?

Answer 8

Affects movement, memory, perception and stimuli on one side of the body.

Question 9

Why are tumours hard to localise?

Answer 9

Because the grow slowly and affect multiple parts of the brain.

Question 10

What is the lesion technique?

Answer 10

Removing a part of the brain through either surgery or injecting chemicals. It is used to treat neurological dysfunctions or to test casual role of brain areas.

Question 11

What is neurodegeneration?

Answer 11

The progressive loss of structure or function of neurons which may involve cell death.

Question 12

How does the classification of illnesses and disorders differ?

Answer 12

Illnesses are categorised as heterogeneous group

disorders are categorised as the deterioration of the central or peripheral nervous system.

Question 13

What causes Alzheimers disease?

Answer 13

Build up of proteins around the brain cells resulting in loss of neurons and synapses. Amyloid forms plaques around the brain and Tau forms tangling within brain cells.

Question 14

Where dos Alzheimers disease affect in the brain?

Answer 14

Cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, such as temporal lobe, parietal lobe and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus.

Question 15

What are the symptoms of Alzheimers disease?

Answer 15

Early is forgetting recent events, forming episodic memories and storing them straight in LTM.
Causes problems with language, mood swings, disorientation, loss of movement and with-drawl.
Gradually body functions are lost and can lead to death.

Question 16

What brain functions are the symptoms of Alzheimers linked to?

Answer 16

Memory, language decay of mental lexicon, neural degenerations, forgetting and executive functioning.

Question 17

What is an atypical disorder?

Answer 17

Disorders that effect the nervous system development leading to abnormal brain functioning.

Question 18

When are atypical disorders diagnosed?

Answer 18

Typically during development and last a lifetime.

Question 19

What are examples of atypical disorders?

Answer 19

DLD, development language disorder.
Autism spectrum disorder.
Down syndrome.
Learning disorders such as dyslexia or dyscalculia.

Question 20

What is autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 20

Affects information processing in the brain and how nerve cells and synapses are organised, effecting social development, communication, face and emotion recognition, attention, sensory ability is heightened. Struggle with figurative language and interference.