Neuroimaging Flashcards

(22 cards)

1
Q

Give the anatomical planes of neuroimaging.

A
  • Sagittal (y-z plane)
  • Transverse (axial x-y plane)
  • Coronal (x-z plane)
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2
Q

List the densities of tissue in order from lowest HU to highest HU.

A

Air

Fat

Water

CSF

White M

Grey M

Blood clot

Bone

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3
Q

What is the unit of measurement for a CT?

A

Hounsfield Units

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4
Q

Which of the following has a range of 50-70 HU on CT?

A. Bone

B. Blood clot

C. Grey matter

D. White matter

A

B. Blood clot

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5
Q

Which of the following has a value of 1000 HU on CT?

A. Bone

B. Blood clot

C. Grey matter

D. White matter

A

A. Bone

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6
Q

Which of the following has a range of 25-30 HU on CT?

A. Bone

B. Blood clot

C. Grey matter

D. White matter

A

D. White matter

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7
Q

Which of the following has a range of 35-45 HU on CT?

A. Bone

B. Blood clot

C. Grey matter

D. White matter

A

C. Grey matter

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8
Q

Which of the following has a range of 15 HU on CT?

A. Bone

B. Blood clot

C. CSF

D. White matter

A

C. CSF

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9
Q

Which of the following has a range of 0 HU on CT?

A. Water

B. Blood clot

C. CSF

D. White matter

A

A. Water

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10
Q

Which of the following has a range of -50 to -100 HU on CT?

A. Water

B. Fat

C. CSF

D. White matter

A

B. Fat

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11
Q

Which of the following has a range of 0 HU on CT?

A. Water

B. Fat

C. CSF

D. White matter

A

A. Water

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12
Q

Which of the following has a range of -50 to -100 HU on CT?

A. Water

B. Fat

C. CSF

D. White matter

A

B. Fat

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13
Q

Which of the following has a range of -1000 HU on CT?

A. Water

B. Fat

C. CSF

D. Air

A

D. Air

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14
Q

What view are CT images taken from?

A

Caudal View (Feet –> Head)

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15
Q

How do you interpret a CT image with regards to the process?

A

Interpretation: ABCS
• Adequacy/Alignment/Artifact
• Bones/Blood/Brain

  • Extra blood: Changes density through consolidation
  • Brain parenchyma

Note: EDH and SDH are complete opposites in bleeding shape + intensity/absorption

• Cisterns + Ventricles

  • Fluid-filled spaces
  • Symmetrical
  • Enlarged

• Subcutaneous and surfaces
- Subcutaneous surfaces

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16
Q

Outline the process of MRI

A

Person enters + magnetic field –> atomic nuclei re-orientate along magnetic field –> radiofrequency pulse flips nuclei from orientated position and synchronises precession of spin axis –> receiver measure time until nuclei return to original orientation (structural scans) or desynchronize (functional scan)

17
Q

What view are MRI images taken from?

A

Caudal view (Feet –> Head)

18
Q

What is a T1 and T2 MRI image used to view predominantly?

A

• Generated by emission: T1 (CSF black) cf T2 (CSF white)

  • -> T1 for structural abnormalities
  • -> T2 for inflammation/ischaemia
19
Q

What process can you use to interpret an MRI scan?

A
  • Adequacy + Alignment
  • Bone, Blood + Brain
  • Cisterns + Ventricles
  • Subcutaneous and surfaces
20
Q

What is SPECT?

A

3D nuclear medicine imaging technique combining information from scintigraphy with CT allowing distribution of radionuclide to be displayed in 3D manner

21
Q

What is PET?

A

non-invasive imaging technique quantifying radioactivity in vivo using IV injection of positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical then scanning for detection and quantification of patterns of accumulation in the body

22
Q

Outline the process of PET.

A

Radiolabeled biological compound (e.g. FDG) injected IV –> Uptake by tissues –> FDG to FDG-6-P (cannot be further metabolized in tumour cells) –> accumulation in tumour cells and detected = quantified