Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Flashcards
(35 cards)
_________________ placed heterotopically in the __________ and into the ___________ of the rabbits survive for prolonged, sometimes indefinite, periods of time.
allogeneic skin grafts, anterior chamber of the eye, brains
What is an allogeneic graft?
graft derived from a different donor of the SAME SPECIES
What is a syngeneic graft?
graft derived from a genetically identical individual (e.g. identical twin)
What is a xenogeneic graft?
graft derived from a DIFFERENT SPECIES
What is an autologous graft?
graft derived from the SAME INDIVIDUAL
What is a heterotopic graft?
graft placed in a NON PHYSIOLOGICAL SITE (e.g. skin transplanted into the brain)
What are some immune privileged sites?
- eye (cornea, anterior chamber, vitreous cavity, subretinal space)
- brain (ventricles and striatum)
- pregnant uterus
- ovary
- testis
- adrenal cortex
- hair follicles
What is the function of the BBB?
create resistance to anything coming from the outside
TRUE or FALSE: the adaptive immune system is the first line of defense
FALSE: innate is first line
TRUE or FALSE: the adaptive immune system is characterized by memory
TRUE
What are the innate immune system cells?
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- NK cells
- mast cells
- basophils
-eosinophils - dendritic cells
- microglia
- astrocytes
What are the adaptive immune system cells?
- T cells
- B cells
- dendritic cells
- microglia
- astrocytes
Is CNS inflammation an innate or adaptive response>?
innate
What happens to the shape of astrocytes when they are activated?
they become narrow (normally wide and flat)
_______________ ______________ is one of the most common and earliest features of nearly all neuroinflammatory disorders.
microglial activation
In vitro assays of microglial function have conclusively demonstrated their ability to acquire _____________ or ____________ functions. (What does this mean?)
neuroprotective; neurotoxic (i.e. microglia are both pro- and anti-inflammatory)
What are the functions of microglia and macrophages within the CNS?
- pruning synapses during development
- work with complement proteins (label synapses that need to be removed)
- monitor neuronal activity/environment
- clean up lesion/dead tissue during pathology
What are microglia functions during CNS injury?
- phagocytosis of synapses
- activate astrocytes
- remyelination
What is the most important step for activating microglia?
priming
TRUE or FALSE: alert state microglia can become pathological
TRUE
___________ ____________ keep microglial in a down-regulated state.
neuron-glial interactions
TRUE or FALSE: younger age promotes alert state of microglia
FALSE: promotion of alert state increases with age
TRUE or FALSE: While M1 microglia are more anti-inflammatory, M2 are more pro-inflammatory
FALSE: M1 is pro, M2 is anti-inflammatory
What is the relationship betwen microglial activation and neuronal degeneration?
bidirectional (see slide 20 diagram)