Neurologic Emergencies II Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
___ is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is severe enough to affect daily functioning.
A
- Dementia;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia
2
Q
Name the 1st cranial nerve.
A
- Olfactory;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
3
Q
Name the 2nd cranial nerve.
A
- Optic;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
4
Q
Name the 3rd cranial nerve.
A
- Oculomotor;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
5
Q
Name the 4th cranial nerve.
A
- Trochlear;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
6
Q
Name the 5th cranial nerve.
A
- Trigeminal;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
7
Q
Name the 6th cranial nerve.
A
- Abducens;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
8
Q
Name the 7th cranial nerve.
A
- Facial;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
9
Q
Name the 8th cranial nerve.
A
- Acoustic;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
10
Q
Name the 9th cranial nerve.
A
- Glossopharyngeal;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
11
Q
Name the 10th cranial nerve.
A
- Vagus;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
12
Q
Name the 11th cranial nerve.
A
- Accessory;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
13
Q
Name the 12th cranial nerve.
A
- Hypoglossal;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves
26
Q
What classic mnemonic is useful in recalling the cranial nerves?
A
On - Olfactory
Old - Optic
Olympus’ - Oculomotor
Towering - Trochlear
Tops -Trigeminal
A - Abducens
Finn - Facial
And - Acoustic (aka Vestibulocochlear)
German - Glossopharyngeal
Viewed - Vagus
Some - Spinal
Hops - Hypoglossal
Note: A popular, less-reverent version - Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel A Girl’s Vagina, Ah Heaven!
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2254946
27
Q
What classic mnemonic is useful in recalling whether a cranial nerve is sensory, motor, or both?
A
- Some
- Say
- Marry
- Money
- But
- My
- Brother
- Says
- Bad
- Business
- Marrying
- Money
Note: A popular, less-reverent version - Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most;
https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/who-has-the-best-cranial-nerve-acronym.245487/
28
Q
Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam procedure for examination of the olfactory nerve.
A
- Ask: “Are you having any trouble with your sense of smell?”
Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw
29
Q
Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam procedure for examination of the optic nerve.
A
- Ask, “Please look over myshoulder into the distance.” Examine the fundus of each eye with a penlight.
Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw
30
Q
Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam procedure for examination of the optic and oculomotor nerves.
A
- State, “Now look at my eyes.” Check pupillary responses with a penlight.
Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw
31
Q
Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam procedure for examination of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves.
A
- State, “Please follow my fingertip with your eyes only, keeping your head still.” Start with your fingertip 1-2” in front of the patient’s nose, then move the finger to the left and right, as well as up and down (when far left and far right), and finally towards the patient’s nose from the starting position.
Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw
32
Q
Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam procedure for examination of the trigeminal nerve.
A
- State, “Please clench your jaw for me.” Feel the jaw muscles on each side for tone.
Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw
33
Q
Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam procedure for examination of the facial nerve.
A
- State, “Smile big. Puff out your cheeks. Raise your eyebrows.”
Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw
34
Q
Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam procedure for examination of the acoustic nerve.
A
- This nerve may be considered intact if the patient has been able to hear your questions, as evidenced by their responses.
Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw
35
Q
Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam procedure for examination of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.
A
- State, “Open your mouth wide and say, ‘Ah.’” Check for voice quality, palatal movement and a midline uvula.
Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw
36
Q
Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam procedure for examination of the spinal accessory nerve.
A
- State, “Shrug your shoulders. Move your head to the left… and to the right.” Provide resistance to movement with your hand ont he patient’s shoulders, then chin.
Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw
37
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the hypoglossal nerve.
1. State, "Stick your tongue straight out. Move it side-to-side."
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
38
Which cranial nerve transmits the sense of smell from the nasal cavity?
1. Olfactory nerve (1st cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
39
Which cranial nerve transmits visual signals from the retina of the eye to the brain?
1. Optic nerve (2nd cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
40
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles which collectively perform *most* eye movements? This nerve also innervates the sphincter pupillae and the muscles of the ciliary body.
1. Oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
41
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses, abducts, and intorts the eyeball?
1. Trochlear nerve (4th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
42
Which cranial nerve receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication?
1. Trigeminal nerve (6th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
43
Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus, which abducts the eye?
1. Abducens nerve (6th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
44
Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression? This nerve also receives the special sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and provides secretomotor innervation to the salivary glands (except parotid) and the lacrimal gland.
1. Facial nerve (7th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
45
Which cranial nerve mediates the sensation of sound, rotation, and gravity (which are essential for balance and movement)? More specifically, the vestibular branch carries impulses for equilibrium and the cochlear branch carries impulses for hearing.
1. Acoustic (aka Vestibulocochlear; 8th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
46
Which cranial nerve receives taste from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, provides secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland, and provides motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus? Some sensation is also relayed to the brain from the palatine tonsils. This nerve is involved together with the vagus nerve in the gag reflex.
1. Glossopharyngeal (9th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
47
Which cranial nerve supplies branchiomotor innervation to most laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as controls muscles for voice, resonance and the soft palate? This nerve is involved (together with nerve IX) in the pharyngeal reflex (or gag reflex). Symptoms of nerve damage include dysphagia
1. Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
48
Which cranial nerve controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, and overlaps with functions of the vagus nerve (CN X)? Symptoms of nerve damage include the inability to shrug and weak head movement.
1. Accessory nerve (11th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
49
Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue (except for the palatoglossal muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve) and other glossal muscles? This nerve is important for swallowing (bolus formation) and speech articulation.
1. Hypoglossal nerve (12th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
50
Name the 1st cranial nerve.
1. Olfactory;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
51
Name the 2nd cranial nerve.
1. Optic;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
52
Name the 3rd cranial nerve.
1. Oculomotor;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
53
Name the 4th cranial nerve.
1. Trochlear;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
54
Name the 5th cranial nerve.
1. Trigeminal;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
55
Name the 6th cranial nerve.
1. Abducens;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
56
Name the 7th cranial nerve.
1. Facial;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
57
Name the 8th cranial nerve.
1. Acoustic;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerve*s
58
Name the 9th cranial nerve.
1. Glossopharyngeal;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
59
Name the 10th cranial nerve.
1. Vagus;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
60
Name the 11th cranial nerve.
1. Accessory;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
61
Name the 12th cranial nerve.
1. Hypoglossal;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial\_nerves*
74
What classic mnemonic is useful in recalling the cranial nerves?
**O**n - **O**lfactory
**O**ld - **O**ptic
**O**lympus' - **O**culomotor
**T**owering - **T**rochlear
**T**ops -**T**rigeminal
**A** - **A**bducens
**F**inn - **F**acial
**A**nd - **A**coustic (aka Vestibulocochlear)
**G**erman - **G**lossopharyngeal
**V**iewed - **V**agus
**S**ome - **S**pinal
**H**ops - **H**ypoglossal
Note: A popular, less-reverent version - **O**h **O**h **O**h **T**o **T**ouch **A**nd **F**eel **A** **G**irl's **V**agina, **A**h **H**eaven!
*https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2254946*
75
What classic mnemonic is useful in recalling whether a cranial nerve is sensory, motor, or both?
1. **S**ome
2. **S**ay
3. **M**arry
4. **M**oney
5. **B**ut
6. **M**y
7. **B**rother
8. **S**ays
9. **B**ad
10. **B**usiness
11. **M**arrying
12. **M**oney
Note: A popular, less-reverent version - **S**ome **S**ay **M**arry **M**oney **B**ut **M**y **B**rother **S**ays **B**ig **B**oobs **M**atter **M**ost;
*https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/who-has-the-best-cranial-nerve-acronym.245487/*
76
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the olfactory nerve.
1. Ask: "Are you having any trouble with your sense of smell?"
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
77
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the optic nerve.
1. Ask, "Please look over myshoulder into the distance." Examine the fundus of each eye with a penlight.
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
78
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the optic and oculomotor nerves.
1. State, "Now look at my eyes." Check pupillary responses with a penlight.
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
79
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves.
1. State, "Please follow my fingertip with your eyes only, keeping your head still." Start with your fingertip 1-2" in front of the patient's nose, then move the finger to the left and right, as well as up and down (when far left and far right), and finally towards the patient's nose from the starting position.
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
80
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the trigeminal nerve.
1. State, "Please clench your jaw for me." Feel the jaw muscles on each side for tone.
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
81
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the facial nerve.
1. State, "Smile big. Puff out your cheeks. Raise your eyebrows."
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
82
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the acoustic nerve.
1. This nerve may be considered intact if the patient has been able to hear your questions, as evidenced by their responses.
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
83
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.
1. State, "Open your mouth wide and say, 'Ah.'" Check for voice quality, palatal movement and a midline uvula.
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
84
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the spinal accessory nerve.
1. State, "Shrug your shoulders. Move your head to the left... and to the right." Provide resistance to movement with your hand ont he patient's shoulders, then chin.
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
85
*Berdan Pre-Hospital Cranial Nerve Exam* procedure for examination of the hypoglossal nerve.
1. State, "Stick your tongue straight out. Move it side-to-side."
## Footnote
*Personal adaptation of: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5dolQ-Pzdw*
86
Which cranial nerve transmits the sense of smell from the nasal cavity?
1. Olfactory nerve (1st cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
87
Which cranial nerve transmits visual signals from the retina of the eye to the brain?
1. Optic nerve (2nd cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
88
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles which collectively perform *most* eye movements? This nerve also innervates the sphincter pupillae and the muscles of the ciliary body.
1. Oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
89
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses, abducts, and intorts the eyeball?
1. Trochlear nerve (4th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
90
Which cranial nerve receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication?
1. Trigeminal nerve (6th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
91
Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus, which abducts the eye?
1. Abducens nerve (6th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
92
Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression? This nerve also receives the special sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and provides secretomotor innervation to the salivary glands (except parotid) and the lacrimal gland.
1. Facial nerve (7th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
93
Which cranial nerve mediates the sensation of sound, rotation, and gravity (which are essential for balance and movement)? More specifically, the vestibular branch carries impulses for equilibrium and the cochlear branch carries impulses for hearing.
1. Acoustic (aka Vestibulocochlear; 8th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
94
Which cranial nerve receives taste from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, provides secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland, and provides motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus? Some sensation is also relayed to the brain from the palatine tonsils. This nerve is involved together with the vagus nerve in the gag reflex.
1. Glossopharyngeal (9th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
95
Which cranial nerve supplies branchiomotor innervation to most laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as controls muscles for voice, resonance and the soft palate? This nerve is involved (together with nerve IX) in the pharyngeal reflex (or gag reflex). Symptoms of nerve damage include dysphagia
1. Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
96
Which cranial nerve controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, and overlaps with functions of the vagus nerve (CN X)? Symptoms of nerve damage include the inability to shrug and weak head movement.
1. Accessory nerve (11th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
97
Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue (except for the palatoglossal muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve) and other glossal muscles? This nerve is important for swallowing (bolus formation) and speech articulation.
1. Hypoglossal nerve (12th cranial nerve);
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table\_of\_cranial\_nerves*
98
The most common type of dementia is \_\_\_, which comprises up to \_\_\_% of cases.
1. Alzhiemer's disease;
2. 70;
Major Memory System: Grandpa Martin has left a pan of **eggs** (70) burning on the stove.
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia*
99
There are two key forms of \_\_\_: pathological and physiological, with variations within each type. This condition may be caused by congenital disorder or sleep deprivation, acquired or central nervous system disorders, toxicity, pharmaceutical drugs, alcohol, or rotational movement.
1. Nystagmus;
## Footnote
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus*
