NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
Nervous System is Divided into two regions:
A
–Central Nervous System (CNS)
–Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
2
Q
Control center of body and is covered and protected by scalp, skull, and meninges
A
CNS - Brain
3
Q
parts of Cerebrum
A
right and left hemispheres
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal lobes
4
Q
part of the brain (thalamus and hypothalamus) responsible for body temperature and sleep
A
Diencephalon
5
Q
part of the brain responsible for position sense, posture & equilibrium/balance
A
Cerebellum
6
Q
part of the brain (medulla oblongata, pons & midbrain) responsible for respiration & cardiac regulation, sneezing
A
Brain Stem
7
Q
4 Lobes of the Cerebrum
A
• Parietal
•Frontal
•Temporal
•Occipital
8
Q
somatic sensory center
A
Parietal
9
Q
higher intellect, speech production, personality, behavior, emotions, voluntary movement
A
Frontal
10
Q
hearing, memory, speech perception and translation
A
Temporal
11
Q
for vision
A
occipital
12
Q
Extends from medulla to the level of the first lumbar vertebra; Cord protected by vertebra, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid
A
CNS – Spinal Cord
13
Q
Spinal Roots
A
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
14
Q
Posterior roots is for _____
A
sensory
15
Q
Anterior roots is for _____
A
motor
16
Q
Damage to posterior roots = loss of ____
A
loss of sensation
17
Q
Damage to anterior roots = ______
A
flaccid paralysis
18
Q
Rapid involuntary predictable motor response to a stimulus.
A
Reflex
19
Q
Reflex ______ , is not dependent on the brain.
A
arc
20
Q
2 types of reflex
A
• Somatic
• Autonomic
21
Q
this type of reflex is for Skeletal muscle contraction
A
Somatic
22
Q
This type of reflex is for Cardiac, smooth muscle and glands
A
Autonomic
23
Q
Three basic types of neurologic examination
A
- Screening neurologic exam
- Complete neurologic exam
- Neurologic recheck exam
24
Q
Assess Level of consciousness (LOC)/orientated, intact recent and remote memory by:
A
–Confusion/disorientation
–Lethargy
–Delirium
–Coma
–Glasgow Coma Scale
25
Assess Cognitive abilities and mentation by:
- Mini Mental State Examination
–Mental Status Exam
26
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a calculated scale that determines a patient's _______.
patient's level of consciousness.
27
Medical professionals use Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to evaluate patients with:
•traumatic brain injury
•altered mental status
28
The Glasglow coma scale measures three categories:
•Eye opening (E)
• Motor response (M)
• Verbal response (V)
29
The GCS score is the sum of the score in each of the three categories, with a maximum score of ____ (normal) and a minimum score of _____ (deep unconsciousness),
maximum score of 15;
minimum score of 3
30
A normal GCS score is equal to _____, which indicates a person is fully conscious.
15
31
GCS Score of 13-15 indicates _____
Mild head injury
32
GCS Score of Score 9-12 indicates _____
Moderate head injury
33
GCS Score of Score of 8 or less indicates _____
Severe head injury
34
difficulty/discomfort in talking (laryngeal disease)
Aphonia/dysphonia
35
distorted speech sounds, may sound unintelligible, basic language intact
Cerebellar dysarthria
36
_____ is a language disorder that makes it hard for you to read, write, and say what you mean to say. Sometimes it makes it hard to understand what other people are saying, too.
Aphasia
37
Understands, but cannot speak
Broca's (expressive)
38
severe form, absent/reduced speech, absent/reduced understanding; combination of broca’s and wrnicke’s
Global
39
Ability to express self, but cannot understand others
Wernicke's (receptive)
40
Ask to repeat 3-4 unrelated words
Immediate memory (sec-min)
41
Ask who "I" am, last meal, last visitor
Recent memory (min-hrs)
42
Ask the birthday, anniversary, last President, favorite President
Remote memory (days-yrs)
43
Meaning of a proverb, simple math
Abstract reasoning skills
44
4 Comatose posturing
1. Decorticate Rigidity (abnormal flexion)
2. Decerebrate Rigidity (abnormal extension)
3. Flaccid Quadriplegia (nonfunctional brain stem)
4. Opisthotonos (meningeal irritation)
45
is a term for a group of disorders that affect coordination, balance and speech. Any part of the body can be affected, but people with ataxia often have difficulties with: balance, walking, speaking.
Ataxia
46
_____ is a neurological examination that is used to test for balance and coordination.
Romberg Test
47
This assesses the patient's ability to stand with the feet parallel and together with the eyes open and then closed for 30 s.
Romberg Test
48
______ is a gait (method of walking or running) where the toes of the first foot touch the heel of the next one at each step. Neurologists sometimes ask patients to walk in a straight line using tandem gait as a test to help diagnose ataxia.
Tandem gait
49
stroke, immobile arm against body, stiff/extended leg, toe drag. It is a neuromuscular condition of spasticity that results in the muscles on one side of the body being in a constant state of contraction.
Spastic hemiparesis
50
loss of position sense, staggering, alcohol (barbiturate). It is a sudden, uncoordinated muscle movement due to disease or injury to the cerebellum.
Cerebellar ataxia
51
basal ganglia defects, stooped posture, trunk forward. It is a brain disorder that causes unintended or uncontrollable movements, such as shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
Parkinsonian
52
it is a type of spastic paraparetic gait in which the muscle tone in the adductors is marked. It is characterized by hypertonia and flexion in the legs, hips and pelvis accompanied by extreme adduction leading to the knees and thighs hitting, or sometimes even crossing, in a scissors-like movement.
Scissors
53
lower motor neuron defects the inability to lift the foot while walking due to the weakness of muscles that cause dorsiflexion of the ankle joint. Itis not a commonly seen condition.
Steppage/footdrop
54
weakness in your hip girdle and upper thigh muscles. To make up for the weakness, you sway from side to side and your hip drops with each step. It's also called myopathic gait
Waddling
55
Occurs in a body part that is relaxed and completely supported against gravity and reduces activation of musculature.
Most commonly caused by parkinsonism, but may also occur in severe essential tremor
Resting
56
Occurs with voluntary contraction of muscle. Includes postural, isometric, and kinetic tremors
Action
57
Occurs when the body part is voluntarily maintained against gravity. Includes essential, physiologic, cerebellar, dystonic, and drug-induced tremors
Postural
58
Occurs as a result of muscle contraction against a rigid stationary object
Isometric
59
Occurs with any form of voluntary movement Includes classic cerebellar, dystonic, and drug-induced tremors; essential tremor can cross over to this category
Kinetic
60
Subtype of kinetic tremor amplified as the target is reached. Presence of this type of tremor implies that there is a disturbance of the cerebellum or its pathways
Intention
61
(also termed superficial sensation): receptors in skin and mucous membranes
Exteroceptive sensation
62
(also termed deep sensation): receptors located in muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints
Proprioceptive sensation
63
interpretative sensory functions that require analysis of individual sensory modalities by the parietal lobes to provide discrimination. Individual sensory modalities must be intact to measure _____
Cortical sensation
64
unable to identify object
Astereognosis
65
inability to identify figure
Agraphesthesia
66
Severe pain, spasms and resistance with gentle neck flexion
Nuchal rigidity
67
Thigh on abdomen, knee flexed to 90 degrees, resistance with pain
Kernig's sign
68
Chin to chest - involuntary hip flexion and pain
Brudzinski's sign
69
this reflex starts when the corner of the baby's mouth is stroked or touched. The baby will turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and root in the direction of the stroking.
Rooting
70
When something touches a baby's palate, he or she starts to suck it.
Sucking
71
stroking the palm of a baby's hand causes the baby to close his or her fingers in a grasp.
Palmar Grasp
72
it is a normal reflex for an infant when he or she is startled or feels like they are falling. The infant will have a startled look and the arms will fling out sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed.
Moro
73
Then a baby's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow.
Tonic Neck
74
occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. The big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot.
Babinski
75
Abduction of the toes with dorsiflexion of the great toe
Babinski
