Neurological disorders: Neural Canal

Question 1

Name two neurological disorders related to the neural canal

Answer 1

spinal cord injury

spina bifida

Question 2

What neurological disorders come from brain lesions

Answer 2

Stroke
brain injury
cerebral palsy

Question 3

Name two neurological disorders that are degenerative, adult onset

Answer 3

MS

ALS

Question 4

What degenerative neurological disorder is hereditary

Answer 4

Spinal muscular atrophy

Question 5

What is Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

Answer 5

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness.

Question 6

Name four orthopedic disorders

Answer 6

Arthritis
amputation
arthrogryposis
osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 7

What is the definition of spinal cord injury

Answer 7

Partial or complete severing of the spinal cord

Question 8

What are the causes of a spinal cord injuries

Answer 8

Usually due to trauma such as auto accidents, sport injuries, and gunshot wounds
can be due to tumor
young men, risk takers

Question 9

Quadriplegic/tetraplegia

Answer 9

All four extremities, often incomplete injury

Question 10

Paraplegia

Answer 10

Only the legs, usually a complete injury

Question 11

Central cord syndrome

Answer 11

Occurs in cervical area following hyperextension. Weakness in upper extremities > lower extremities.
Bowel, bladder and sexual dysfunction may occur

Question 12

Brown Sequard

Answer 12

Lesion in the midsection of the spinal cord. Proprioceptive and motor loss ipsilaterally (same side).
Sensation for pain prick and temperature lost contralaterally (opposite side).
Bowel and bladder remain intact.

Question 13

Anterior cord syndrome

Answer 13

Flexion injury causing trauma to the anterior cord. Loss of motor skills and variable sensation. Proprioception, bowel and bladder remain intact.

Question 14

Osteoporosis

Answer 14

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture. Usually the bone loses density, which measures the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone.

Question 15

Hypercacemia

Answer 15

Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal.

Question 16

Deep vein thrombosis

Answer 16

(DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, usually in your legs.

Question 17

Spasticity

Answer 17

Spasticity is stiff or rigid muscles. It may also be called unusual “tightness” or increased muscle tone.

Question 18

Heterotrophic ossification

Answer 18

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the process by which bone tissue forms outside of the skeleton.

Question 19

Neurogenic bladder

Answer 19

refers to dysfunction of the urinary bladder due to disease of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of micturition (urination).

Question 20

autonomic Dysreflexia

Answer 20

Autonomic hypereflexive
most common above T6
reaction of autonomic system to overstimulation causes constipation or full bladder or UTI
high blood pressure, sweating, redness, headaches, blurred vision
treatment: sit up, remove trigger

Question 21

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 21

Postural hypotension
blood pressure suddenly drops, lightheaded, dizzy
difficulty maintaining normal blood pressure and blood flow to upper body
treatment: lay down, justification for recline

Question 22

Is Spinal cord pathology Progressive

Answer 22

Nonprogressive, some recovery may occur after initial spinal shock

Question 23

Spinal cord pathology complete lesions leads to what?

Answer 23

Permanent paralysis and loss of sensation before below the lesion

Question 24

If the etiology is dramatic in spinal cord injury, one of the complications can occur?

Answer 24

Orthopedic complications

and/or a head injury

Question 25

n32*4In a spinal cord injury children are at risk for what?

Answer 25

Scoliosis

Question 26

Define spina bifida

Answer 26

Born with defect in spine and cord due to incomplete fusion during development may be due to genetic, environmental or nutritional reasons common causes: exposure to heat, decreased Bullock acid intake or drug abuse

Question 27

What is meningocele?

Answer 27

Spinal cord permeates into the vertebral opening, skin remains intact, often no damage occurs to cord. Type of spina bifida.

Question 28

What is myelomeningocele?

Answer 28

It's a spinal cord is exposed and paralysis occurs below this level. Tissue exposed out of the body; surgeries needed.

Question 29

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 29

Buildup of spinal fluid in the ventricles, leading to possible skull deformity and brain damage.

Question 30

What is Arnold-Chiari malformation?

Answer 30

Part of the cerebellum protrudes into spinal canal.

Question 31

Pathology Hydrocephalus: name six possible outcomes.

Answer 31

Paralysis and lack of sensation below area of neural Involvement muscle weakness may occur above lesion decreased muscle tone poor trunk control and balance spinal deformities decreased motor planning, coordination and midline skills

Question 32

Hydrocephalus: visual impairments include the following

Answer 32

``` Weak ocular motor control poor fixation impaired tracking impaired scanning impaired perception ```

Question 33

Hydrocephalus: cognitive impairments, including:

Answer 33

``` Normal to severe cognitive impairment learning disabilities language difficulties attention deficits problems with memory ```

Question 34

Spinal cord injuries: name five positioning techniques.

Answer 34

Provide support, particularly below the level of injury children are particularly prone to scoliosis as they grow pressure relief! Stability for function change of position for pressure relief and redistribution, for ADLs and for medical reasons

Question 35

Pressure ulcers; name Seven contributing factors:

Answer 35

Lack of sensation to tell body to shift weight moisture: urine, sweat, heat (cushion materials, cover) hygiene body prominences nutrition skin integrity, such as prior pressure sore

Question 36

Spinal cord injury: mobility six applications

Answer 36

``` Manual wheelchair power wheelchair actuators Drive control interfacing accessories: ventilator ```

Question 37

Spinal cord injury: 6 AT applications

Answer 37

``` Vehicle mobility ADL equipment to replace/enhance handgrip and reach electronic aids to daily living (EADL) computer with alternative access architectural modifications recreational technology ```