neurological frames of reference related to motor performance

Question 1

contemporary task oriented approach

Answer 1

occupational performance emerges from the interaction of multiple systems including personal and performance contexts

Question 2

carr and shephards motor relearning program (MRP)

Answer 2

person is an active participate whose goal it to relearn effective strategies for performing functional movement

Question 3

motor learning

Answer 3

acquisition of functional skills that can be generalized to multiple situations and environments

Question 4

skill acquisition stage (cognitive stage)

Answer 4

occurs during initial instruction and practice of a skill

Question 5

skill retention stage (associative stage)

Answer 5

involves “carryover” as individuals are asked to demonstrate their newly acquired skill after initial practice

Question 6

skill transfer stage (autonomous stage)

Answer 6

individual demonstrating the skill in a new context

Question 7

blocked (constant) practice

Answer 7

involves repeated performance of the same motor skill

Question 8

random (variable) practice

Answer 8

practice of several tasks that are presented in a random order, encouraging reformulation of the solution to the presented motor problem

Question 9

massed practice

Answer 9

amount of rest between practice is very small

Question 10

distributed practice

Answer 10

rest between sessions are relatively long

Question 11

mental practice

Answer 11

cognitive rehearsal of a skill without actually moving

Question 12

action observation

Answer 12

observing a health person performing a skill or functional task

Question 13

intrinsic feedback

Answer 13

information received by the learner as a result of performing the task

Question 14

extrinsic feedback (augmented feedback)

Answer 14

feedback provided from an outside source

Question 15

concurrent feedback

Answer 15

given during task performance

Question 16

terminal feedback

Answer 16

given after task performance

Question 17

immediate feedback

Answer 17

given immediately after performance

Question 18

delayed feedback

Answer 18

delayed by some amount of time

Question 19

discrete tasks

Answer 19

tasks with a recognizable beginning and end

Question 20

continuous tasks

Answer 20

no recognizable beginning and end (performed until arbitrarily stopped)

Question 21

serial tasks

Answer 21

comprised a series of movements linked together to make a “whole”

Question 22

closed tasks

Answer 22

performed in a predictable and stable environment
- movements can be planned in advance

Question 23

open tasks

Answer 23

performed in a constantly changing environment that may be unpredictable

Question 24

variable motionless tasks

Answer 24

interacting with a stable and predictable environment, but specific features of the environment are likely to vary between performance trials

Question 25

consistent motion tasks

Answer 25

must deal with environmental conditions that are in motion during activity performance; motion is consistent and predictable between trials

Question 26

knowledge of results (KR)

Answer 26

feedback given after task performance about the outcomen

Question 27

knowledge of performance (KP)

Answer 27

feedback given after task about the nature of performance

Question 28

retention

Answer 28

ability to perform the same task following an interval of practices

Question 29

sensorimotor approaches

Answer 29

used for persons with CNS dysfunction

Question 30

NDT approach

Answer 30

normalization of posture and limb tone is prerequisite to normal movement

Question 31

PNF

Answer 31

response of the neuromuscular mechanisms can be hastened through stimulation of the proprioceptors

Question 32

brunnstroms

Answer 32

focused on facilitating recovery through a specific sequence

Question 33

brunnstrom stage I

Answer 33

flaccid, no voluntary movement

Question 34

brunnstrom stage II

Answer 34

synergies and spasticity are developing

Question 35

brunnstrom stage III

Answer 35

increase in spasticity and beginning of voluntary movement in syngery

Question 36

brunnstrom stage IV

Answer 36

decrease in spasticity and voluntary movement beginning to move out of synergy

Question 37

brunnstrom stage V

Answer 37

spasticity continues to decrease and voluntary movement become more complex without synergistic patterns

Question 38

brunnstrom stage VI

Answer 38

spasticity almost gone and isolated voluntary movement

Question 39

stage VII

Answer 39

normal movement

Question 40

rood approach

Answer 40

sensorimotor control is developmentally based

Question 41

reciprocal inhibition/innervation (rood)

Answer 41

early mobility pattern that is primarily a reflex governed by a spinal and supra spinal center

Question 42

co contraction (rood)

Answer 42

simultaneous contraction of the agonist and antagonist that provides stability in a static pattern

Question 43

heavy work (rood)

Answer 43

proximal muscles contract and move and the distal segments are fixed

Question 44

skill (rood)

Answer 44

highest level of control and combines stability and mobility