neurological terminology Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord; “processing center” for entire nervous system; control workings of the body

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2
Q

paresthesisas

A

a burning or prickling sensation (hands, arms, legs, feet)

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3
Q

vestibulocholear nerve

A

CN 8; hearing and maintaining balance

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4
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

part outside brain and spinal cord; sends and receives information to/fr body to the brain

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5
Q

paresis

A

a condition in which muscle movement has become weakened or impaired

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6
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A

CN 9; throat sensation, taste, and swallowing

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7
Q

cerebellum

A

in back of head between cerebrum and brain stem; controls balance for walking and standing

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8
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of the ability to move some or all of your body

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9
Q

vagus nerve

A

CN 10; movement, sensation, and abdominal organs

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10
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain and divided into two hemispheres responsible for muscle function, speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning

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11
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder

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12
Q

spinal accessory nerve

A

CN 11; neck movement

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13
Q

brainstem

A

connects cerebrum to spinal cord; midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata; regulates certain involuntary actions

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14
Q

seizure

A

sudden, uncontrolled body movements and changes in behavior that occur because of abnormal electrical activity in the brain

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15
Q

hypoglossal nerve

A

CN 12; movement of tongue

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16
Q

spinal cord

A

base of skull to center of back; sends motor commands from brain to body, sensory info from body to brain, and coordinate reflexes

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17
Q

olfactory nerve

A

CN 1; smell

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18
Q

flaccidity

A

paralysis where the muscle becomes soft and leads to passive stretching; loss of muscle tone

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19
Q

optic nerve

A

CN 2; vision

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20
Q

spasticity

A

stiff/rigid muscles

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21
Q

spinal nerves

A

mixed nerves that interact directly with the spinal cord to modulate motor and sensory information from the body’s periphery

22
Q

oculomotor nerve

A

CN 3; eye movement and pupil reflex

23
Q

rigidity

A

continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction

24
Q

dermatome

A

the area of sensory nerves near the skin that are supplied by a specific spinal nerve root

25
trochlear nerve
CN 4; eye movements
26
involuntary movements
occurs when you move your body in an uncontrollable and unintended way
27
disequilibrium
a sensation of impending fall or of the need to obtain external assistance for proper locomotion
28
trigeminal nerve
CN 5; face sensation and chewing
29
ataxia
poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements
30
vertigo
a sensation of motion or spinning that is often described as dizziness
31
abducens nerve
CN 6; eye movements (lateral, abduction)
32
neuropathy
a nerve problem that causes pain, numbness, tingling, swelling, or muscle weakness in different parts of the body
33
presyncope
the sensation of feeling faint without actually fainting
34
facial nerve
CN 7; face movement and taste
35
reflex arc
a special type of neural circuit that begins with a sensory neuron at a receptor (e.g., a pain receptor in the fingertip) and ends with a motor neuron at an effector (e.g., a skeletal muscle)
36
biceps reflex
an involuntary contraction of the biceps muscle of the arm produced by tapping upon its tendon
37
triceps reflex
a reflex as it elicits involuntary contraction of the triceps brachii muscle
38
brachioradialis reflex
a deep tendon reflex involving the C5 and C6 nerve roots through its innervation by the radial nerve
39
achilles reflex
a form of stretch reflex in which the foot jerks towards its plantar surface when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed
40
babinski (plantar) reflex
occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. the big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot. the other toes fan out. this reflex is normal in children up to 2 years old. it disappears as the child gets older
41
pupillary reflex
a reflex reaction wherein the pupil constricts in response to the light stimulation of the retina
42
romberg test
a simple physical test to see if you have balance problems that are related to proprioception
43
bell's palsy
a neurological disorder that causes paralysis or weakness on one side of the face
44
nystagmus
fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyes that may be: side to side (horizontal nystagmus) up and down (vertical nystagmus)
45
tremors
a neurological disorder that causes shaking movements in one or more parts of your body, most often in your hands
46
aura
a simple focal seizure, also known as a partial seizure
47
dysarthria
where you have difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak
48
dysphagia
swallowing difficulties
49
clonus
involuntary and rhythmic muscle contractions caused by a permanent lesion in descending motor neurons
50
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)/stroke
a loss of blood flow to part of the brain, which damages brain tissue