Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro > Neurology 101 > Flashcards

Neurology 101 Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

Functions as the body’s “control center”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the CNS?

A

Integrates (information)

Coordinates (activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the PNS?

A

Connect the body to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the PNS comprised of?

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the somatic nervous system associated with?

A

Voluntary control of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

A

Involuntary, visceral function (HR, RR, digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system divided into?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system begin?

A

Thoracic/lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system mediate?

A

Sympatho-adrenal response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system regulate?

A

Rest and digest

Feed and breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system begin?

A

Brainstem or sacral spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three main types of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the neuronal structure composed of?

A

Soma
Dendrites
Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the soma?

A

Central part of the neuron

Contains the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the dendrites?

A

Branched projections of the soma that function to receive the inputs from other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the axon?

A

Carries nerve impulses away from the soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many axon are there per soma?

A

1, but usually branches extensively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

Where axon emerges from soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are the highest density of voltage-dependent sodium channels?

A

Axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the parts of the axon?

A

Axon hillock

Axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of myelination?

A

To increase nerve impulse conduction velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is myelin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Insulating sheath composed of glial cells

23
Q

What are glial cells in the CNS?

Study These Flashcards
A

Oligodendrocytes

24
Q

What are glial cells in the PNS?

Study These Flashcards
A

Schwann cells

25
What are the gaps in myelin sheaths?
Nodes of Ranvier
26
How is the membrane potential maintained?
Sodium-potassium ATPase pump and ion channels
27
What is the exchange rate for sodium and potassium?
3 sodium cations out for every 2 potassium cations in
28
What is the net intracellular charge?
Negative
29
What is the resting state in an action potential?
Na/K pump actively maintains resting potential | Ion channels closed
30
What is resting membrane potential?
-70
31
What are the stages of an action potential?
``` Resting Stimulus Depolarization Repolarization Hyperpolarization Refractory period ```
32
What happens to the sodium during depolarization?
Rapid sodium influx (moves down concentration gradient into neurons)
33
What happens during repolarization?
Once membrane potential reaches 30-40, potassium channels open and potassium leaves the neuron Sodium channels close (trapped inside)
34
What happens during hyperpolarization?
Potassium channels close slowly allowing excess potassium to leave the neuron Membrane potential falls below resting potential
35
What happens during the refractory period
Na/K pump works to re-establish resting potential
36
If an axon was myelinated axons, where does the action potential occur?
Nodes of Ranvier
37
What is synaptic neurotransmission?
What happens when the action potential reaches the axon terminal
38
What is the primary means by which neurons communicate with target cells?
Synaptic neurotransmission
39
How are classical neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft?
Synthesized in the presynaptic region of the axon terminal, stored in vesicles, and released into the synaptic cleft
40
How do neurotransmitters modulate the function of postsynaptic cells?
By binding to receptors
41
What are the two major subtypes of neurotransmitter receptors?
Ionotropic | Metabotrophic
42
What do ionotrophic receptors do?
Neurotransmitter engagement results in the direct opening of ion channels
43
What do metabotrophic receptors do?
Interact with G proteins, stimulating production of second messengers and activating protein kinases to indirectly result in the opening/closing of ion channels
44
Which neurotransmitter receptors are the fastest?
Ionotrophic
45
How are neurotransmitters removed from the synaptic cleft?
Reuptake into the presynaptic neuron Diffusion away from the synaptic cleft Enzymatic inactivation
46
What is a neural circuit?
A functional entity of interconnected neurons that utilizes feedback mechanisms to regulate its own activity
47
What is a neural circuit composed of?
Excitatory and inhibitory neurons
48
Where does neuronal excitation most commonly occur?
Axodendritic synpases
49
Where does neuronal inhibition most commonly occur?
Axosomatic synapses
50
Which types of AA neurotransmitters are excitatory?
Glutamate | Aspartate
51
Which types of AA neurotransmitters are inhibitory?
Glycine GABA Serine
52
What are the peptide neurotransmitters?
Substance P | Somatostatin
53
What are the monoamine neurotransmitters?
Dopamine Histamine Serotonin Epinephrine
54
What are the gasotransmitters?
Nitric oxide

Neuro (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions