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MDT Hallmarks > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q
  • Sensation of motion, when there is no motion
  • Tinnitus
  • Hearing loss
  • Nystagmus
  • Nausea
  • Onset can be sudden/gradual
A

Vertigo

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2
Q
  • Not feeling well rested upon waking up
  • Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Caffeine intake
  • Psychiatric disorders
A

Insomnia

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3
Q
  • Complaint of pain lasting longer than 6-12 weeks
  • Minimal relief with standard treatment
  • History of having seen many clinicians
  • Frequent use of several medications
  • Symptoms frequently exceed signs
A

Chronic Pain Syndrome

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4
Q
  • Sensory disturbances
  • Seizures
  • Movement disorders
  • Psychosis
  • Fever
  • Altered level of consciousness
  • Neurological deficits
A

Encephalitis

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5
Q
  • High Fever
  • Nuchal rigidity
  • Altered mental status
  • Photophobia/Phonophobia
  • Headache, nausea, vomiting
  • Delirium, convulsions
  • Petechial rash on trunk of body
  • Positive Kernig’s/Brudzinski’s
A

Meningitis

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6
Q
  • Sudden onset
  • Half sided facial paralysis
  • Ptosis
  • Loss of nasolabial fold
  • Drooping mouth
  • Able to wrinkle only one side of forehead
  • Hyperacusis (loss of taste)
  • No other neurological abnormalities
A

Bell’s Palsy

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7
Q
  • Pain with back flexion or prolonged sitting
  • Usually caused by bending or heavy lifting
  • Weakness of plantar flexion or dorsiflexion
  • Radicular pain into the leg due to compression of neural structures
  • Lower extremity numbness and weakness
A

Lumbar Disk Herniation

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8
Q
  • Pain, burning, and tingling in the distribution of the median nerve
  • Initially, most bothersome during sleep
  • Late weakness or atrophy, especially of the thenar eminence
  • Can be caused by repetitive activities using the wrist
  • Commonly seen during pregnancy and in patients with diabetes mellitus or rheumatoid arthritis
A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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9
Q
  • Severe lower back pain
  • Numbness, or tingling in the lower back and spreading down 1 or both legs
  • Foot drop while walking
  • Trauma to the lower spine
  • Urinary retention or incontinence
  • Saddle anesthesia
  • Decreased anal sphincter tone
  • Fecal incontinence
  • Bilateral lower extremity weakness
  • Neurological deficits
A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

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10
Q
  • Vise-like
  • Bilateral
  • Feel like tightness
  • Constant daily headaches
  • Pericranial tenderness
  • Poor concentration
  • Exacerbated by emotional stress, fatigue, noise, or glare
  • Most intense at the neck and back of the head
A

Tension headache

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11
Q
  • Unilateral periorbital pain
  • Episodes occur in clusters followed by a hiatus
  • Ipsilateral nasal congestion
  • Rhinorrhea
  • Lacrimation
  • Horner’s syndrome: ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
  • Restless and agitation
  • Last between 15min to 3 hours
A

Cluster Headache

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12
Q
  • Pulsatile or throbbing headache
  • Lasting 4-72hrs
  • Usually unilateral
  • Nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia,
  • Pain aggravated by routine physical activity
  • Auras sometimes precede headache
  • Visual disturbances
  • Triggered by stress, lack of sleep, missed meals, specific foods, alcohol
A

Migraine

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13
Q
  • Hx of recent head injury
  • Usually within 1-2 days following injury
  • May worsen throughout the week then gradually subside
  • Constant dull ache, throbbing may be localized, lateralized, or generalized
  • Sometimes associated nausea, vomiting, and blind spots
  • Often accompanied by impaired memory, poor concentration, emotional instability, and increased irritability
A

Post-traumatic Headache

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14
Q
  • Chronic daily headaches
  • Unresponsive to medication
  • Hx of taking NSAIDS regularly for < 3 months
  • NSAIDS taken <10-15 days per month
A

Medication Overuse Headache

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15
Q
  • Uncontrolled jerking movements
  • Confusion
  • Facial grimacing, gesturing, lip smacking, chewing
  • Repeating words or phrases
  • Somnolence, headache that may occur for several hours
  • Pt often have no recollection of event
  • Weakness of limbs may occur
A

Seizures

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16
Q
  • Focal neurological deficit of acute onset
  • Abrupt onset, rapid recovery
  • Resolves within >24hrs
  • Risk factors for vascular disease often present
  • Weakness on one side of the body, vision problems, and slurred speech
  • Dizziness or problems with balance or coordination
  • Risk factors are HTN, atherosclerosis and age
  • Carotid bruits
A

Transient Ischemic Attack

17
Q
  • Sudden onset of neurological deficit of cerebrovascular origin
  • Hx of HTN, DM, Smoking, A-Fib, and Atherosclerosis
  • Carotid bruits
  • Weakness on one side of the body, vision problems, and slurred speech
  • Dizziness or problems with balance or coordination
A

Cerebral Vascular Accident

18
Q
  • unpleasant or uncomfortable urge to move legs (occasionally arms)
  • transiently relieved with movement
  • “creeping, crawling, pins & needles feeling”
  • worse during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying or sitting, particularly the evenings
A

Restless Leg Syndrome

19
Q
  • Level of consciousness is depressed
  • Stuporous pt respond only to repeated vigorous stimuli
  • Comatose patients are unarousable and unresponsive.
A

Altered mental status

20
Q
  • confusion, amnesia, disorientation
  • Headache, dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, nausea, vomiting
  • Amnesia of the traumatic event itself and before and after
  • May occur with or without loss of consciousness
  • loss of concentration and memory recall
  • Lack of recall or repetitious questioning should be red flags
  • Mood/cognitive disturbance, light/noise sensitivity, sleep disturbance, irritability
A

Closed head injury to include aneurysm

21
Q
  • Hx of preceding trauma
  • Development of acute neurological deficit
  • extreme weakness of muscles and loss of muscle tone
  • loss of sensation
  • reflexes are absent
  • urinary and fecal retention
  • paralysis of the legs
A

Spinal Cord Injury

22
Q
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Respiratory irregularity
  • Papilledema (optic disc swelling) may be present upon ophthalmoscopic examination
  • Rapid decline in mental status
  • dilated pupils or anisocoria
A

Intracranial Pressure

23
Q
  • Sudden onset of severe headache
  • “thunderclap” or “worst headache of my life”
  • nuchal rigidity
  • signs of meningeal irritation usually present
  • headache, photophobia
  • reduced level of consciousness
  • Risk factors drug use HTN, smoking, alcohol
  • Trauma is the most common cause
A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

24
Q
  • Rapid onset with exercise or gradual onset
  • Headache, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness
  • Hx of HTN
  • Nausea, vomiting, neurological deficits,
A

Intracranial Hemorrhage

25
Q
  • May or may not have history of head trauma
  • Acute subdural hematoma presents 1-2 days after onset
  • May have lucid interval after injury
  • Chronic subdural hematoma presents 15 days or more after onset
  • Focal neuro deficits
  • headaches, nausea, vomiting, confusion, disorientation, dizziness, imbalance, light headedness, cognitive impairment, apathy, somnolence
A

Subdural Hematoma

26
Q
  • Headache
  • Confusion
  • Somnolence
  • Seizures
  • Focal deficits
  • Lucid interval (no sx)
  • Respiratory depression
A

Epidural Hemorrhage

27
Q
  • Scalp will bleed profusely, must clean well
  • Presence of soft tissue swelling, hematoma, palpable fracture, crepitus
  • Signs of basilar skull fracture
  • Battle sign
  • “Raccoon” eyes
  • Hemotympanum
  • CSF rhinorrhea/otorrhea
  • Cranial nerve deficits
A

Basilar Skull Fracture

28
Q
  • confusion
  • amnesia
  • may occur with or without loss of consciousness
  • may be immediately apparent or delayed by several minutes
  • lack of recall or repetitious questioning should be red flags
  • headache, dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, nausea, vomiting
  • mood/cognitive disturbance, light/noise sensitivity, sleep disturbance
A

closed head injury to include aneurysm

29
Q
  • Level of consciousness is depressed.
  • Stuporous patients respond only to repeated vigorous stimuli.
  • Comatose patients are unarousable and unresponsive.
  • Can be caused by Seizures, Hypothermia, Metabolic disturbances, lesions in the brain
A

Altered mental status

30
Q
  • Usually due to bending or heavy lifting
  • Pain with back flexion or prolonged sitting
  • Radicular pain into the leg due to compression of neural structures
  • Lower extremity numbness and weakness
  • Pain with back flexion or prolonged sitting
A

Radiculopathy

MDT Hallmarks (10 decks)

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