Neurology

Question 1

AEIOU-TIPS

Answer 1

Mnemonic to rule in/out potential causes of ALOC

Alcohol, Anaphylaxis, Acidosis
Epilepsy
Insulin
Overdose
Underdose

Trauma, Temperature
Infection
Psychosis, Poison
Stroke, Seizure, Shock

Question 2

Stroke (Consequences per hour)

Answer 2

3.6 years of age subtracted per hour

Question 3

Stroke (Risk Factors)

Answer 3

Hypertension, Diabetes, Smoking, Heart Disease, High cholesterol, Inactivity, Alcohol

Question 4

Stroke (Treatment)

Answer 4

O2, comfort, rapid transport
IV 20G access, RAISE head 30 degrees (ICP)

Question 5

Seizure

Answer 5

Caused by a burst of electrical impulses in the brain.

Question 6

Generalized Seizure

Answer 6

Affects both sides of the brain
- Petit Mal + Grand Mal

Question 7

Petit Mal (Absence seizure)

Answer 7

No loss of posture, a few seconds long. Patient of lip smacking or blinking or staring

Question 8

Grand Mal Seizure

Answer 8

Aura, Tonic, Clonic, Postictal

Question 9

Pseudoseizure / psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Answer 9

Mimics true seizure
Usually stems from a psychological cause, doesn’t respond to normal treatment
NO aura or postictal phase
Can be terminated by sharp commands or painful stimuli

Question 10

Seizure (Management)

Answer 10

Protect the patient
Time the seizure
ABC
Suction
Oxygen
Recovery Position

Start an IV lock (in case of re-seize)

History: Frequency, typical, duration, aura?
Recent head trauma, infections?
Medication compliance, alcohol/drug withdrawal

Question 11

Automatisms

Answer 11

Postictal indication. Non-purposeful, stereotyped and repetitive behaviors

Question 12

Status Epilepticus

Answer 12

Two more more generalized seizures without a return of consciousness, >5 minutes.
Manage ABC and call ALS.

Question 13

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 13

Inflammation of the joints due to genetic disease. Immunocompromised.