Neurology 2 Flashcards
(211 cards)
1
Q
Separates Left and Right Cerebellar Hemisphere
A
Vermis
2
Q
“Tree of Life”
A
Arbor Vitae
3
Q
Deep Nuclei (medial to lateral)
A
Fastigial > Globose > Emboliform > Dendate
4
Q
Deep Nuclei: Oval
A
Emboliform
5
Q
Deep Nuclei: Round
A
Globose
6
Q
Deep Nuclei: Largest
A
Dentate
7
Q
Deep Nuclei: Situated at Vermis
A
Fastigial
8
Q
Layers of Cerebellum
A
Molecular, Purkinje, Granular
9
Q
Cell located OUTSIDE the molecular layer
A
Stellate Cell
10
Q
The type of neuron located in the Purkinje layer
A
Golgi Type I neuron
11
Q
Three general functions of the Cerebellum
A
Coordination, Balance, Tone
12
Q
Cell located INSIDE the molecular layer
A
Basket Cell
13
Q
Generalized muscle weakness
A
Asthenia
14
Q
Difficulty in speaking
A
Dysarthria
15
Q
Involuntary rhythmic oscillatory movement of the eye
A
Nystagmus
16
Q
Abrupt movement after removing resistance
A
Rebound Phenomenon
17
Q
Excessive head and neck movement
A
Titubation
18
Q
Difficulty in judging distance
A
Dysmetria
19
Q
Difficulty doing rapid alternating movements
A
Dysdiadochokinesia
20
Q
Movement decomposition
A
Dysnergia
21
Q
Lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements
A
Ataxia
22
Q
Type of dysarthria seen in cerebellar patients
A
Scanning speech
23
Q
Type of nystagmus seen in cerebellar patients
A
Central Nystagmus
24
Q
Type of nystagmus seen in patients with CN 8 affectation
A
Peripheral Nystagmus
25
Type of tremor seen in cerebellar patients
Intention Tremor
26
Description for Central Nystagmus
Pendular, Persists, Verticle
27
Description for Peripheral Nystagmus
Positional, Horizontal
28
Tone seen in cerebellar patients
Hypotonia
29
3 Anatomic Lobes of Cerebellum
Anterior, Flocculonodular, Posterior
30
Phylogenetic term of Anterior Lobe
Paleocerebellum
31
New name for Posterior Lobe
Cerebrocerebellar
32
Phylogenetic term of Flocculonodular Lobe
Archicerebellar
33
New name for Anterior Lobe
Spinocerebellar
34
Phylogenetic term of Posterior Lobe
Neocerebellar
35
New name for Flocculonodular Lobe
Vestibulocerebellar
36
Lobe for Balance and Equilibrium
Flocculonodular/Archicerebellum/Vestibulocerebellar
37
Lobe for Coordination
Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar
38
Lobe for muscle tone and posture
Anterior/Paleocerebellum/Spinocerebellum
39
Lobe: Nystagmus
Flocculonodular/Archicerebellum/Vestibulocerebellar
40
Lobe: Dyssynergia
Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar
41
Lobe: Hypotonia
Anterior/Paleocerebellum/Spinocerebellum
42
Lobe: Intention Tremor
Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar
43
Lobe: Titubation
Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar
44
Lobe: Trunk and Limb ataxia
Anterior/Paleocerebellum/Spinocerebellum
45
Lobe: Dysequilibrium
Flocculonodular/Archicerebellum/Vestibulocerebellar
46
Lobe: Dysdiadochokinesia
Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar
47
Lobe: Oldest
Flocculonodular/Archicerebellum/Vestibulocerebellar
48
Lobe: Newest and Largest
Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar
49
Type of nuclei found in Flocculonodular Lobe
None
50
Type of nuclei found in Anterior Lobe
Emboliform and Globose
51
Type of nuclei found in Posterior Lobe
Dentate
52
Other name for Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
Brachium Conjunctivum
53
Brainstem connection of Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
Pons
54
Other name for Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Brachium Restiformis / Restiform Body
55
Brainstem connection of Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Medulla
56
Other name for Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
Brachium Pontis
57
Brainstem connection of Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
Midbrain
58
Location of CN 1
Telencephalon
59
Location of CN 9, 10, 11, 12
Medulla
60
Cranial Nerves found in Pons
CN 5, 6, 7, 8
61
Cranial Nerves found in Midbrain
CN 3, 4
62
Location of CN 2
Diencephalon
63
Other name for the TECTUM of midbrain
Corpora Quadrigemina
64
3 parts of Midbrain
Anterior, Posterior and Lateral
65
Structures located in Posterior Midbrain
Superior and Inferior Colliculus
66
Structures located in Lateral Midbrain
Superior and Inferior Brachium
67
Composition of Lateral Geniculate Body
Superior Colliculus + Superior Brachium
68
Composition of Medial Geniculate Body
Inferior Colliculus + Inferior Colliculus
69
Midbrain and Thalamic structure for VISION
Superior Colliculus + Superior Brachium = Lateral Geniculate body
70
Midbrain and Thalamic structure for AUDITORY
Inferior Colliculus + Inferior Colliculus = Medial Geniculate Body
71
What are the structure Pons connects?
MO inferiorly + Midbrain superiorly & R-L cerebellar Hemisphere
72
Part of Pons: Secretes Serotonin
Raphne Nucleus
73
Part of Pons: Inhibits Inspiration
Pneumotaxic Center
74
Part of Pons: Secretes Norepinephrine
Locus Coeruleus
75
Location of Pnemotaxic Center
Upper Pons
76
Part of Pons: Stimulates Inspiration
Apneustic Center
77
Location of Apneustic Center
Lower Pons
78
Genu of facial nerve winding around abducent nucleus
Facial Trigone
79
7 responsibility of Medulla Oblongata
Respiration, Vomiting, Coughing, Sneezing, Blood Pressure Regulation, Vagal and Vasomotor Center
80
Part of MO: Sensation of touch, pressure, vibration in UE
Cuneate Nucleus
81
Part of MO: Cardioinhibitory
Nucleus Ambiguus
82
Part of MO: Largest and main site of communication
Olivary Nucleus
83
Part of MO: CN 7 & 9
Salivatory Nucleus
84
Part of MO: Respiratory / baroreceptor
Nucleus Solitarius
85
Part of MO: 9 & 10
Nucleus Ambiguus
86
Part of MO: 7, 9, & 10
Nucleus Solitarius
87
Part of MO: Sensation of touch, pressure, vibration in LE
Gracilis Nucleus
88
Junction where Medulla Oblongata became a Spinal Cord
Foramen Magnum
89
2 level of decussation in Medulla Oblongata
Pyramids (Lower 3rd: CTS) and Medial Lemnisci (Medial 3rd: Dorsal Column)
90
Decussation of Pyramids
Motor
91
Decussation of Medial lemnisci
Sensory
92
Two enlargement of Spinal Cord
Cervical and Lumbar
93
SC ends in what level in children?
L3
94
"Horse's tail"
Cauda Equina
95
Prolongation of pia matter that is attached in coccyx`
Filum Terminale
96
SC ends in what level in adult?
L1
97
Cone-shaped tapered of SC where it tapers off at level of lower border of L1
Cons Medullaris
98
Level of Filum Terminale
S2-3
99
Length of Male Spinal Cord
48 cm
100
Length of Female Spinal Cord
45 cm
101
Law states that anterior spinal nerve roots contain only motor fiber and posterior roots contain only sensory fibers and the nerve impulses are conducted in only one direction in each case
Bell-Magendie Law
102
VEMDAS
Ventral, efferent, Motor & Dorsal, Afferent Sensory
103
Rexed Lamina I
Lissauer Tract
104
Rexed Lamina: For epricritic sensations: stereognosis. conscious proprioception and kinesthesia
III-IV / Nucleus Proprius
105
Rexed Lamina VII
Clarke's / Dorsal Column
106
Rexed Lamina: Situated at anterior horn cell
VIII-IX
107
Rexed Lamina III, IV
Nucleus Proprius
108
Rexed Lamina: Largest and receives unconcious proprioception
VII / Clarke's Column
109
Rexed Lamina: receives noxious stimulus
V-VI
110
Rexed Lamina II
Substantia Gelatinosa
111
Rexed Lamina: receives noxious stimulus in viscera
V
112
Rexed Lamina X
Central Canal
113
Rexed Lamina: Receives noxious and thermal stimuli
Lissauer's Tract
114
Rexed Lamina: High concentrations of substance P and opiate receptors
II / Substantia Gelatinosa
115
Rexed Lamina: Remnant of Spinal Canal
X / Central Canal
116
Rexed Lamina: receives noxious stimulus in skin
VI
117
Rexed Lamina: Modulates motor activity (gamma)
VIII / Motor Neuron Pools
118
Rexed Lamina: Contains alpha and gamma motor neurons
X / Anterior Horn Cell
119
Meninges of the brain
Dura Mater. Arachnoid Mater and Pia Mater
120
"Pachymenix"
Dura Mater
121
"Leptomeninges"
Arachnoid and Pia Mater
122
Most common post-traumatic cause of CP
Meningitis
123
Produces CSF
Choroid Plexus
124
Main Drainage of CSF
Arachnoid Villi
125
3 functions of CSF
Protection, Nutrients, Regulates ICP
126
Normal ICP
60-150 mmHg
127
CSF FLOW
(1) Chroroid Plexus (2) 2 Lateral Ventricle (3)Foramen of Monroe (4) 3rd Ventricle (5) Cerebral Aqueduct (6) 4th Ventricle (7) Foramen of Lushka & Magendie (8) Spinal Canal (9) Subarachnoid Space (10) Arachnoid Villi
128
Medial and Lateral Opening
Medial (1) = Magendie; Lateral (2) = Lushka
129
What level does Subarachnoid Space ends?
S2-3
130
ICP extends in what cranial nerve?
CN 2 = (+) Papilledema
131
Branches of ICA
Ophthalmic, ACA, MCA, Post Communicating, Choroidal
132
Branch of ICA: Terminal branch
ACA and MCA
133
Branch of ICA: First Branch
Ophthalmic
134
Branch of ICA: Connects anterior circulation to posterior circulation
Posterior Communicating
135
Branch of ICA: Supplies lateral geniculate body, optic tract, internal capsule
Choroidal
136
Branch of ICA: Largest
MCA
137
Lesion of Ophthalmic Artery
Amaurosis Fugax (temporary blindess)
138
Lesion of ACA
LE > UE & Face affectation
139
Lesion of MCA
LE < UE & Face affectation
140
5 Branches of Basilar Artery
AICA, Pontine, Labyrinthine, SCA, PCA
141
Branch of Basilar Artery: Supplies superior cerebellum, pineal gland and pons
AICA
142
Branch of Basilar Artery: Terminal Branch
PCA
143
Branch of Basilar Artery: Supplies Inner Ear
Labyrinthine
144
Branch of Basilar Artery: 1st branch
AICA
145
Branch of Basilar Artery: Supplies Occipital Lobe
PCA
146
Branch of Basilar Artery: Supply Pons
Pontine
147
Lesion in PCA
Vision Problem
148
6 Branches of Vertebral Artery
Meningeal, Posterior Spinal, Anterior Spinal, Medullary, Muscular, PICA
149
Branch of Vertebral Artery: Largest
PICA
150
Branch of Vertebral Artery: Supplies 1/3 of SC
Posterior Spinal Artery (2)
151
Branch of Vertebral Artery: Supplies 2/3 of SC
Anterior Spinal Artery (1)
152
Branch of Vertebral Artery: Supplies Vermis and Cerebellum
PICA
153
Lesion in PICA
Horner's Syndrome
154
Horner's Syndrome
I/L: Nystagmus + Sensory problem in the face & C/L: Body and Limb
155
Blood supply from aorta in thoracic and upper lumbar levels
Radicular Artery of Adamkiewics
156
Radicular Artery of Adamkiewics supplies what part of the SC
Lower 2/3 of SC
157
Balint Syndrome
Optic Ataxia, Simultagnosia, Opthalmoplegia
158
Inability to stand
Astasia
159
Inability to walk
Abasia
160
Two reflexes seen in ACA stroke patients
Palmomental and Gegenhalten Reflex
161
Lack of will or initiative and can be seen as a disorder of diminished motivation
Abulia
162
Lack the ability to move or speak
Akinetic Mutism
163
Stroke: C/L hemiparesis and Hemianesthesia
MCA and ACA
164
Stroke: Inhibited Neurogenic Bladder
ACA
165
Stroke: UE & Face > LE
MCA
166
Stroke: Visual Defect
PCA
167
Stroke: Thalamic Pain Syndrome
PCA
168
Stroke: Aphasia
MCA
169
Stroke: Gegenhalten and Palmomental Reflex
ACA
170
Stroke: Balint Syndrome
PCA
171
Stroke: Astasia and Abasia
ACA
172
Stroke: Anton
PCA
173
Denial of Blindness
Anton
174
Stroke: Pseudobulbar Effect
ACA
175
Stroke: Apraxia
MCA
176
Stroke: Abulia and Akinetic Mutism
ACA
177
R or L PCA: Prosopognosia
Both
178
R or L PCA: Difficulty in judging depth and distance
Right
179
R or L PCA: Color Agnosia
PCA
180
"Thalamic Pain Syndrome"
Dejerine Rousy
181
Brainstem Stroke: CN III
Weber and Benedikt
182
Area affected of Millard Gubler
Lateral Pons
183
Area affected of Wallenberg Stroke
Lateral Medulla
184
Brainstem Stroke: CN 6-7
Millard-Gubler
185
Brainstem Stroke: Bilateral Basal Pons
Locked In Stroke
186
Area affected of Benedikt Stroke
Tegmentum MB
187
Brainstem Stroke: Medial Basal Midbrain
Weber
188
Brainstem Stroke: CN 5, 10
Wallenberg
189
Brainstem Stroke: CN ALL
Locked-in
190
Relatively strong synergy patterns in LE
Extension
191
Relatively strong synergy flexion LE
Hip Flexion
192
UE Flexor Synergy
Scapular Retraction, Shoulder ABER, Elbow Flexion , FA Supination, Wrist and Fingers Flexion
193
LE Extensor Synergy
Hip EXADIR, Knee Extension, Ankle PF, Foot Inversion, Toes Flex & Add
194
Relatively strong synergy flexion UE
Elbow Flexion
195
Relatively strong synergy patterns in UE
Flexion
196
Spared Muscles in Synergy
FLATS EDEMA: Finger Extensors, Lats Dorsi, Ankle Evertors, Teres Major, Serratus Anterior
197
Relatively strong synergy Extension UE
Shoulder ADIR and FA Pronation
198
UE Extensor Synergy
Scapular Protraction, Shoulder ADIR, Elbow Extension, FA Pronation, Wrist and Fingers Flexion
199
LE Flexor Synergy
Hip FABER, Knee Flexion, Ankle DF, Foot Inversion, Toes Ext & Abd
200
Relatively strong synergy Extension LE
Knee Extension and Ankle PF
201
Recovery Stage of Spasticity Range
1-7
202
Recovery Stage of Spasticity I
Flaccidity
203
Recovery Stage: Marked Spasticity
III
204
Recovery Stage of Spasticity VII
Normal
205
Recovery Stage: Waning of Spasticity
V
206
Recovery Stage of Spasticity VI
Disappearance of Spasticity
207
Declining of Spasticity
IV
208
Recovery Stage of Spasticity II
Beginning of Spasticity
209
Recovery Stage: (+) Gross Movements
IV
210
Recovery Stage: (+) Complex Movements
V
211
Recovery Stage: (+) Isolated Movements
VI
