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CP Exam 1 > Neurology Anatomy > Flashcards

Neurology Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the constrictions of the esophagus?

A
  1. Cricopharyngeus M
  2. At the aortic arch
  3. Left bronchus
  4. Esophageal hiatus of the thoracic diaphragm (lower esophageal sphincter)
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2
Q

Right vagus nerve splits into what

A

Posterior vagal trunk–> goes BEHIND the esophagus

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3
Q

Left vagus nerve splits into?

A

Anterior vagal trunk, which goes in FRONT of the esophagus

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4
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior vagal trunks enter?

A

abdomen through hte esophageal hiatus

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5
Q

What nerve roots does the PHRENIC NERVE come off of?

A

anterior rami of C3, 4, 5

KEEP THE DIAPHRAGM ALIVE

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6
Q

Vagus N branches

A

L/R Recurrent Laryngeal N

Posterior and Anterior Vagal trunks

Superior cardiac branch, Middle cardiac branch and the inferior cardiac branch,

Pulmonary branch

Esophageal branch

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7
Q

Where is the phrenic N found?

A

Between the [fibrous pericardium] and [mediastinal parietal pleura]

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8
Q

All of the intercostal nerves are ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR rami of spinal nerves in the thoracic segment?

A

ANTERIOR RAMI

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9
Q

How many intercostal nerves are there?

A

11 pairs

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10
Q

What are the atypical intercostal nerves?1

A

1-2

7-11

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11
Q

What are the three major branches of the intercostal N?

A
  1. Lateral cutaneous branches
  2. muscular branches
  3. Anterior cutaneous branches
  4. Rami communicantes ( to sympathetic trunk)
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12
Q

Atypical intercostal nerves

A

1st one- majority of the anterior ramus of the 1st thoracic spinal nerve joins the brachial plexus

2nd- makes a cutaneous branch that joins a brachial component–> the intercostobrachial nerve (supplies skin and subcutaneous tissue of the armpit-axilla

7-11- as they run around the ribs, they continue past and become thoracoabdominal nerves

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13
Q

Nerve root of intercostal nerves

A

anterior ramus of T1-T11

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14
Q

What would be the 12th intercostal nerve doesn’t have a rib above and below it, so it is just called the ______ nerve.

A

subcostal

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15
Q

What are the typical intercostal N?and what are the branches?

A

Spinal nerves 3-6.

Have

  1. Rami communicantes
  2. Collateral branches
  3. Lateral cutaneous branches - supply skin of the thoracic wall and T4-T6 go to the breast
  4. Anterior cutaneous branches- anterior aspect of the thoracic wall and T4-T6 supply breast
  5. Muscular branches innervates the muscles
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16
Q

The intercostal nerves communicate with the __________ using rami communicantes

A

thoracic sympathetic trunk

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17
Q

Sympathetic NS is considered _________

A

catabolic- fight or flight

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18
Q

Parasympathetic NS is considered __________

A

ANABOLIC

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19
Q

What is the distribution of the parasympathetic innervation?

A

Has limited distribution (head, neck, trunk viscera)

NEVER in the body wall or extremeties

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20
Q

What is the distribution of the sympathetic innervation?

A

EVERYTWHERE.

distributes to all vacular areas of the body; like SWEAT gland and smooth muscle

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21
Q

Most glands (NOT SWEAT) are ______

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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22
Q

Can the Sympathetic NS affter non-sweat glands glandular secretion?

Study These Flashcards
A

INDIRECTLY, yes.

Through vasoconstriction.

23
Q

Vasoconstriction is ___________ stimulated?

Study These Flashcards
A

SYMPATHETICALLY (except coronary as)

24
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the sympathetic NS found, and what are they called?

Study These Flashcards
A

T1-L2

—-and thus, called—-

THORACOLUMBAR

25
Sympathetic NS - Pre-synpatic - Post-synaptic. Which are long and which are short
**-Pre-synpatic- SHORT** **-Post-synaptic- LONG**
26
Path of sympathetic pre-synaptic nerves
- CB is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord, found in T1-L2 - Anterior root--\> - Into the anterior ramus--\> - Quickly exit and enter the PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA
27
Why is there only 1 rammus communicantes in regions other than T1-L2?
Bc they dont have presynaptic CB that need to communicate with paravertebral ganglia
28
What are the synaptic options for pre-sympathetic ganglia of sympathetic nerves?
1. Presynaptic fibers --\> paravertebral ganglia--\> synpse with a post-synaptic nerve on the SAME LEVEL--\> innvervate an organ via the splanchnic nerve 2. Presynaptic fibers --\> paravertebral ganglia--\> ascend or descent to synapse on a post-synaptic neuron ON A DIFF LEVEL. This si why the paravertebral ganglia are all connected 3. Presynaptic fibers--\> pass through the paravertebral ganglia--\> exit w/o synapsing--\> leave via a ABDOMINOPELVIC SPLANCHNIC N--\> 1/4 prevertebral ganglia in abdomen
29
What is a result of option 3
We can have pre and post synaptic splanchnic nerves
30
Why are all of the paravertebral ganglia linked together?
BEcause the presynaptic neurons of the symapthetic NS can go their the paravertebral ganglia at their level and ascend or descend into a different one
31
Where are the post-synaptic fibers of the sympathetic NS located?
In the **prevertebral ganglion** or the **paravertebral ganglion.**
32
What are the **prevertebral** gangia called?
1. Celiac ganglion 2. Superior mesenteric gangion 3. Aorticorenal ganglion 4. Inferior mesenteric ganglion
33
What is the thoracic sympathetic trunk
Location of paravertebral ganglia, where presynaptic sympathetic fibers synapse on the the CB of post-synpatic sympathetic fibers
34
Cardiac splanchnic N
Presynaptic CB in the lateral horn of the spinal cord at **T1-5/6.** Synapse on postynaptic CB in the [cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunks]
35
Pulmonary splanchnic nerves
Presynaptic CB located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord at T2-T3 and synapse on post-synpatic CB in the thoracicic smpathetic trunk
36
Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Go from the **thoracic sympathetic trunk--\> prevertebral ganglia in the abdomen.** **These nerves headed to the abdomen are called** **GREATER, LESSER AND LEAST** **Greater splanchnic nerves--\> arise when all nerves combine**
37
Spinal roots of Greater splanchinic nerve what prevertebral ganglion do they go to?
T5-T9/10 --\> celiac ganglion
38
**Lesser splanchnic N** spinal roots what prevertebral ganglion do they go to?
T10/11 --\> celiac and superior mesenteric ganglion
39
**Least splanchnic N** spinal roots what prevertebral ganglion do they go to?
T12 --\> aorticorenal ganglion
40
What cranial nerves contribue to the **parasymapthetic** NS?
**3, 7, 9, 10** **S2-S4 (sacral part of the spinal cord)**
41
Where are the nerves of the parasympathetic NS called?
**CRANIOSACRAL**
42
What is the presynaptic sacral part of the Parasympathetic NS called?
Anterior rami of the sacral spinal nerves, which are called **pelvic splanchnic nerves**.
43
**Parasympathetic NS** Presynaptic fibers are \_\_\_\_\_\_ Post-synaptic fibers are \_\_\_\_\_
Presynaptic- long Post-synaptic- short ( with ganglia on the target organ)
44
Where are the nuclei/ganglia of post-synpatic parasympathetic fibers?
1. Ciliary ganglion 2. Pterygopalatine ganglion 3. Otic ganglion 4. Submandibular ganglion
45
Parasympathetic NS in the thorax is all _____ nerve
**VAGUS**
46
What is the **vagus nerve**?
**Presynaptic** **PARASYMPATHETIC** innervation to the **lungs, bronchi, pleura, heart and pericardium**
47
Branches of the vagus n
3 branches to the heart (superior cardiac branch, middle cardiac branch, inferior cardiac branch) - Pulmonary branch - esophageal branch
48
**SYMPATHETIC** - Location of presynapthic CB - Presynaptic Cfibers - Post-synaptic CB - What do the post-synaptic fibers form?
1. Lateral horn of the spinal cord 2. Presynaptic cell fibers: anterior root--\> anterior ramus--\> paravertebral ganglion at the same level or abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves 3. Paravertebral ganglio nat the same level, different level or prevertebral ganglion - Form the thoracic autonomic plexus
49
PARASYMPATHETIC - Location of presynapthic CB - Presynaptic Cfibers - Post-synaptic CB - What do the post-synaptic fibers form?
1. Cranial part- brain stem; sacral part: sacral part of the spinal cord 2. Cranial part: 4 cranial nerves act as the presynaptic cell fibers Sacral part- presyanptic cell fibers are the pelvic splanchnic nerves 3. Post synaptic cell bodies: 4 cranial ganglia in the target organ 4. Post-synpatic fibers form the thoracic autonomic plexus
50
For each plexus, know if it is mixed sympathetic / parasympathetic or not, where each contribution comes from, but not what it does (for this lecture).
51
**Pulmonary Plexus** Mixed/ sympathetic / parasympathetic Where does each contribution come from?
1. Sympathetic contribution- Pulmonary splanchnic nerves 2. Parasympathetic contribution- pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve
52
**Cardiac Plexus** ## Footnote Mixed/ sympathetic / parasympathetic Where does each contribution come from?
Mixed: sympathetic and parasympathetic 1. Sympathetic input- cardiac splanchnic N 2. Parasympathetic input- Superior, middle and inferior cardiac branches of the vagus n. Post synaptic fibers terminate near the SA and AV nodes.
53
**Aortic Plexus** ## Footnote Mixed/ sympathetic / parasympathetic Where does each contribution come from?
Mixed Sympathethetic: continous with the superficial cardiac plexus Parasympathetic contribution: continuouys with the superficial cardiac plexus ---This is more like a conduit
54
**Esophageal Plexus** ## Footnote Mixed/ sympathetic / parasympathetic Where does each contribution come from?
Sympathetic Contribution: Greater splanchnic N Parasympathetic contribution: Esophageal branches of the vagus N

CP Exam 1 (29 decks)

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