DSA Acid and Base

Question 1

What can we obtain from our ARTERIAL blood?

Answer 1

1. PaO2
2. PaCO2
3. pH
4. HCO3

Question 2

Range for arterial PaO2

Answer 2

80 mmHg- 100 mmHg

***DEPENDS ON AGE

Question 3

Range for arterial PaCO2

Answer 3

Arterial Carbon dioxide
(PaCO2)

Range: 35 – 45 mm Hg
For calculations, use 40 mm Hg
*** NOT DEPENDENT ON AGE

Question 4

Range for arterial pH

Answer 4

7.35-7.45

Use 7.4 for normal

Question 5

Range for arterial Bicarb (BICARB IS A BASE)

Answer 5

Arterial bicarbonate (HCO3)

• Range: 22-26 mEq/L
• For calculations, use 24 mEq/L

Question 6

Acidosis

Answer 6

below 7.35

Question 7

Akalosis

Answer 7

above 7.45

Question 8

How do changes in bicarb affect pH

Answer 8

Increase HCO3 = Increase in pH

Decrease in HCO3= decrease in pH

Question 9

What can change HCO3-?

Answer 9

1. Kidneys* secrete bicarb a lot because they can kick BICARB into the urine or kick H+ into the urine
2. GI tract secretes a lot of HCO3 or H+.
   a. Vomit/diarrhea- decrease HCO3
3. Ingest too much bicarb (tums)
4. Lactic acid, ketosis

Question 10

What do tums do to your ph?

Answer 10

Increase your pH because they increase the amount of bicarb in your body

Question 11

Changes in BICARB are due to _____ disturbances

Answer 11

metabolic

Question 12

Changes in CO2 are due to _____ disturbances

Answer 12

RESPIRATORY

Question 13

How do we solve acid-base problems?

Answer 13

1. Look at pH: normal, acidotic, or alkalotic
2. What is the cause of the disturbance (respiratory or metabolic)?
   Are the PaCO2 and the HCO3 normal?

Question 14

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 14

increase in HCO3-= increase pH

Question 15

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 15

a decrease in CO2= increase in pH

Question 16

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 16

increase in CO2= decrease in pH

Question 17

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 17

decrease in HCO3-= decrease in pH