Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CP3 Medicine > Neurology - Basic Neuroanatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Neurology - Basic Neuroanatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Blood supply to medial surface cerebral hemisphere

A

Anterior cerebral aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blood supply to lateral 2/3 brain

A

Middle cerebral aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the central branches of the middle cerebral aa supply/

A

Corpus striatum
Thalamus
Internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the posterior cerebral aa supply

A

corpus callosum

occipital and temporal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which arteries supply the brainstem and cerebellum

A

Vertebral aa

Basillar aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Location olfactory nn

A

Olfactory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function CN I

A

Sensory - smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Location optic nn

A

Retinal ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function CN II

A

Sensory - vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function CN III

A

Motor - 4/6 extraocc mm + LPS

Visceral - pupil constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function CN IV

A

SO mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Location CN III and IV

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function CN V1

A

Ophthlamic
SUperior 1/3rd sensation
+ cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function CN V2

A

Maxillary

Middle 1/3rd sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function CN V3

A

Mandibular
Bottom 1/3rd sensation
Mm mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function CN VI

A

LR mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function CN VII

A

Motor - facial expression. Visceral glands (SM,SL and lacrimal)
Sensory - ant 2/3 tongue, around ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Location CN V, VI and VII

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function - CN VIII

A

Balance

Hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Location CN VIII

A

Vestibular ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function - CN IX

A

Motor - swallow (stylopharyngeus) and parotid gland

Sensory - post 1/3rd tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function CN X

A

Motor - soft palate, parasymp of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract
Sensory - taste, epiglottis, sensation viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function CN XI

A

Motor - SCM and trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Location CN XI

A

SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
FUnction CN XII
Tongue mm
26
Location CN IX, X + XII
Medulla
27
Where in the brain does a bulbar palsy occur
LMN of CN 9, 10 + 12
28
PS bulbar palsy (5)
``` Tongue - wasting flaccid + fasciculations Dysphagia Poor elevation soft palate Quiet and nasal speech Jaw jerk + gag reflex absent ```
29
Causes bulbar palsy (5)
``` MND Stroke GBS Infective Neoplastic ```
30
Where is the brain does a pseudobulbar palsy occur
Bilateral UMN of CN 9,10,12
31
PS pseudobulbar palsy (5)
``` Tongue - stiff/spastic, slow movement Dysphagia Normal elevation SP Donald duck speech Incr jaw jerk and normal gag reflex ```
32
Cause pseudobulbar palsy (4)
MND Stroke MS Head trauma
33
Sx frontal lobe lesion (5)
``` Intellectual impairment Personality changes Incontinence Paralysis Brocas aphasia ```
34
Sx temporo-parietal lesion (left)
``` Agraphia Alexia Acalculia Wernicke's aphasia Contralateral sensory neglect ```
35
Sx temporo-parietal lesion (right)
No face recognition | Contralateral sensory neglect
36
Sx occipital lobe lesion
VF defects
37
Fct vermis
Midline posture and balance
38
Fct flocculonodular lobe
eyes movements
39
Fct cerebellar hemisphere
Control limb movement
40
O/E Cerebellar lesion
``` Dysdiadokinesis Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Speech - slurred, staccato Hypotonia/Heel-shin ```
41
Bilateral causes cerebellar dysfunction (4)
Alcohol Dx - phenytoin, anti-epileptics Paraneoplastic degeneration Hypothyroid
42
Unilateral causes cerebellar dysfunction (3)
MS Stroke Tumour - acoustic neuroma, meningioma
43
Sections of the Basal Ganglia (4)
Corpus striatum Subthalamic nucleus Substantia nigra Thalamus
44
What 3 things make up the corpus striatum?
Caudate nucleus Globus Pallidum Putamen
45
Function of basal ganglia
Modulates motor activity
46
Signs Basal ganglia dysfunction
Bradykinesia Rigidity Involuntary tremor
47
What is athetosis
Writhing movements of hands/face/tongue
48
Causes of BG dysfunction (3)
Parkinsonism Huntington's Hemiballismus
49
Causes of central scotoma
Macular lesion
50
Causes of bitemporal hemianopia
Optic chiasm lesion
51
Causes of homonomous hemianopia
Contralateral optic tract lesion
52
What area of the brain is Broca's area
44 + 45
53
Fct Broca's area
Motor speech function
54
Sx Broca's aphasia
Expressive aphasia (non-fluent)
55
What area of the brain is Wernicke's area
Area 22 (temporal)
56
Fct Wernicke's area
Understanding of spoken word
57
Sx Wernicke's aphasia
Receptive aphasia | Cant understand speech/word salad
58
What is global aphasia
Expressive AND receptive
59
What is nominal aphasia
Difficulty word finding
60
What is dysarthria
Disordered articulation | Slurred speech
61
Bulbar palsy - dysarthria
LMN, high pitched nasal speech
62
Pseudobulbar palsy dysarthria
UMN | Donald duck voice
63
Cerebellar lesion dysarthria
Slow jerky speech
64
Extrapyramidal lesion dysarthria
Soft monotonous speech
65
Myasthenia gravis - dysarthria
Speech fatigues + dies away
66
PS - Horners syndrome (PAMELA)
``` Ptosis Anhydrosis Miosis Enophthalmos Loss of ciliary-spinal reflex Anisocoria ```
67
If Horners syndrome is congenital, what extra sign may the patient have?
Heterochromia (diff eye colour)
68
1st order neuron - causes Horners syndome (4)
Tumour Stroke MS Syphillis
69
Anhidrosis - 1st order neurone Horners syndrome
Face/arm/trunk anhidrosis
70
2nd order neuron causes of Horners syndrome (6)
``` Pancoast trumour Cervical rib TB Trauma (neck) Lymphadenopathy (neck) Thyroid surgery ```
71
Anhidrosis - 2nd order neurone Horner's syndrome
Facial anhidrosis only
72
3rd order neurone causes of Horners (3)
ICA aneurysm Migraine Idiopathic
73
Anhidrosis - 3rd order neurone Horner's syndrome
NO anhidrosis
74
Signs LMN lesion
``` weakness wasting fasciculation hypotonia hyporeflexia ```
75
Do LMN innervate contralateral or ipsilateral muscles?
Ipsilateral
76
Causes - LMN lesion (5)
``` ventral horn - MND Ventral horn - polio Peripheral nn pathology MG (NMJ) Mm pathology ```
77
Signs UMN lesion
``` Extensor weakness upper limb Flexor weakness lower limb No wasting Hypertonia Hyperreflexia Pronator drift Incr plantar response Clonus ```
78
Do UMN innervate contralateral or ipsilateral muscles
Contralateral
79
Causes UMN lesion (6)
``` Stroke Meningitis MS, MND Tumour Degen - Parksinsons ```
80
How to differentiate LMN and UMN facial weakness
UMN - spares frontalis - brow/eye closing + blinking preserved LMN - ipsilateral facial weakness all mm
81
Function of spinothalamic tract
Pain Temperature Light touch
82
Which level does the spinothalamic tract decussate at?
Spine
83
Function of dorsal column
Sensory Fasciculus, cuneatus + gracilis Deep touch, proprioception + vibration
84
Which level does the dorsal column decussate at?
Brainstem
85
What level does the corticospinal tract decussate at
Brainstem
86
PS C3 cord transection
``` Neurogenic shock Resp insufficiency Quadriplegia Anaesthesia below level Loss bladder/bowel sphincter tine Sexual dysfunction Horners ? ```
87
PS T10 cord transection
Paraplegia Anaesthesia below Loss rectal/bladder tone Sexual dysfunction
88
Presentation Brown Sequard syndrome
Ipsilateral decrease in power, vibration + proprioception | Contralateral decr pain/T + light touch
89
Cause Brown Sequard syndrome
Penetrating injury | Facet dislocation RTA
90
PS Posterior cord lesion
Tingling, numbness + electric shocks Clumsy Sensory ataxia, loss positional/vibrational + 2 point discrim
91
Anatomical position lumbar puncture
L4 - top of iliac crest
92
What position is patient in when having a lumbar puncture
Lie on side + knees to chest | Curl over pillow
93
Indications lumbar puncture (7)
``` Meningitis/encephalitis SAH MS Neurosyphilis Bechet's Measure/remove CSF - idiopathic intracranial HTN Intrathecal drug admin ```
94
Complications LP
``` Post LP headache Dry tap Infection Damage to spinal nn Coning ```
95
C/I Lumbar puncture (5)
``` Suspicion of incr ICP Overlying/local infection Congenital lesions - meningomyelocele Problems w/ haemostasis Haemodynamically unstable ```
96
What is Xanthochromia
Yellowish CSF
97
Why does xanthochromia occur
B/c RBC breakdown --> bilirubin
98
Cause xanthochromia
SAH
99
Features of CSF in MS
Moderate increase in protein 50 lymphocytes/ml Oligoclonal IgG bands (electrophoresis)
100
C/I MRI (4)
Implanted devices E.g. pacemaker, drug infusion pumps, cochlear implants Implants w/ metal Bullet/shrapnel

CP3 Medicine (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions