Neurology/Developmental

Question 1

By when should babies regain the weight they lost after birth

Answer 1

2 weeks

Question 2

Failure to thrive in a newborn is defined by what length of time without weight gain

Answer 2

3 weeks of age or 10 continuous days of weight loss

Question 3

Babies should double their weight by when? Triple their weight?

Answer 3

Double by 4-5 months, Triple by 1 year

Question 4

What is daily caloric intake for a baby

Answer 4

100cal/kg/day

Question 5

How often and how much should a newborn feed

Answer 5

4-8 oz every 3-4 hours

Question 6

Large fontanelle is caused by what

Answer 6

Chromosomal abnormalities, hypothyroidism

Question 7

Bulging Fontanelle is caused by what

Answer 7

Sign of increased ICP

Question 8

What is the most common cause increased ICP and bulging fontanelle

Answer 8

Hydrocephalus

Question 9

Name all the developmental milestones for a 2 month old

Answer 9

Lifts head, follows midline, vocalizes, smiles

Question 10

Name all the developmental milestones for a 4 month old

Answer 10

Sit-head steady, grasp rattle, laughs, regards own handd

Question 11

Name all the developmental milestones for a 6 month old

Answer 11

Roll over, sit with no support, reach, turn to rattling noise, works for a toy

Question 12

Name all the developmental milestones for a 9 month old

Answer 12

Stands holding on, pulls to a stand, passes objects, sings syllables, waves bye-bye

Question 13

When do primary teeth come in

Answer 13

7 months

Question 14

What are some sx of teething

Answer 14

Fever, URI, systemic illness

Question 15

Tx for teeting

Answer 15

Topical anesthetics - Benzocaine

Question 16

What immunizations does a 2 month old get

Answer 16

Hep.B, DTap, HiB, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Polio

Question 17

What immunizations does a 4 month old get

Answer 17

Hep.B, DTap, HiB, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Polio

Question 18

What immunizations does a 6 month old get

Answer 18

Hep.B DTap, HiB, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Polio

Question 19

What immunizations does a 12 month old get

Answer 19

Hep.A, Varicella, HiB, Pneumococcal, MMR

Question 20

What immunizations does a 15 month old get

Answer 20

DTap

Question 21

What immunizations does an 18 month old get

Answer 21

Hep.A

Question 22

What immunizations does a 4-6 year old get

Answer 22

DTap, Polio

Question 23

What immunizations does an 11-16 year old get

Answer 23

MMR, Varicella, HPV, Meningiococcal

Question 24

What chromosome naming is for Turners Syndrome

Answer 24

45,XO

Question 25

Sx of Turners Syndrome

Answer 25

Short stature, webbed neck, low posterior hairline, cardiovascular abnormalities (Coarctation of Aorta)

Question 26

Tx for Turners Syndrome

Answer 26

Estrogen replacement

Question 27

What chromosome naming is for Down Syndrome

Answer 27

Trisomy 21

Question 28

Signs of Down Syndrome

Answer 28

Upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, midface hypoplasia, small dysplastic pinnae, cognitive disabilites

Question 29

Screening for Down Syndrome

Answer 29

Triple screening at 15-20 weeks gestation | Low AFP, High Beta-hCG, Low Estradiol

Question 30

What is a febrile seizure

Answer 30

Seizure that lasts less than 5 minutes during an illness, usually URI, GI (Campylobacter, or Shigella), UTI, Roseola

Question 31

Dx criteria for febrile seizure

Answer 31

Age: 3 months-6yrs Fever greater than 38degrees Non-CNS infection

Question 32

Tx for febrile seizures

Answer 32

Rule out other causes | Consider LP if

Question 33

Define a Simple Partial Seizure

Answer 33

Confined to only a part of the brain or one hemisphere | Consciousness is maintained

Question 34

Define a Complex Partial Seizure

Answer 34

Confined to only a part of the brain or one hemisphere Loss of consciousness, usually temporal lobe affected Automatisms seen like lip smacking, picking, patting, coordinated motor movements

Question 35

Define an Absence Seizure

Answer 35

Brief impairment of consciousness Pt. unaware of attacks Staring off, Twitching

Question 36

Define a Tonic Clonic Seizure

Answer 36

Loss of Consciousness | Rigidity and Resp. arrest followed by repetitive rhythmic jerking lasting 2-3 minutes, Post-Ictal phase may follor

Question 37

Tx for seizures

Answer 37

Ethosuximide for absense seizures only (especially preventatitive) Benzodiazepines (Lorazepam/Diazepam), Phenyotin, Phenobarbital Preventative: Keppra, Ethosuximide

Question 38

Criteria for bacterial meningitis

Answer 38

Low Glucose High Protein Neutrophils Turbid Color

Question 39

Criteria for viral meningitis

Answer 39

Normal Glucose Low Protein Monocytes Clear Color

Question 40

Common meningitis pathogens for neonates vs. kids

Answer 40

Neonates: Group B Strep, Listeria, E.Coli | Kids - 18yrs: N.Meningitidis #1, Strep. Pneumo, H.flu

Question 41

Sx of Meningitis

Answer 41

Fever, Chills, Headache, nuchal rigidity, photophobia, altered mental status, vomiting

Question 42

Tx of Meningitis

Answer 42

Neonates: Ampicillin + Gentamicin Kids 3 months+: Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin Dexamethosone before abx if >1yr Rifampin or Cipro for contacts at home

Question 43

Sx of migraines

Answer 43

Cylcical vomiting, abdominal pain, auras

Question 44

Sx of tension headaches

Answer 44

Tight, dull, can last for days, no nausea/vomiting

Question 45

Tx for acute headaches

Answer 45

Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Sumatriptan Nasal

Question 46

Preventative tx for headaches

Answer 46

Beta-Blockers, CCB, Amitriptyline, Topiramate, Valproic Acid

Question 47

**What is the most common cause of Macrocephaly**

Answer 47

Hydrocephalus which causes bulging fontanelle

Question 48

**What is a gross motor milestone for a kid 6 months old**

Answer 48

Roll Over, Sit with no support

Question 49

**What are the immunizations for a 2 month old**

Answer 49

Hep.B, DTap, HiB, Rotavirus, Polio, Pneumococcal

Question 50

**Sx of Turners Syndrome**

Answer 50

Short-Stature, Webbed Neck, Low posterior hairline, cardiovascular abnormalities (Coarctation of aorta)

Question 51

**What are the 3 criteria for febrile seizures**

Answer 51

Age 3 months-6yrs Fever >38 degrees C Non-CNS infection

Question 52

**What happens to consciousness during a Simple Partial Seizure**

Answer 52

Consciousness is fully maintained

Question 53

**What is the rooting reflex and by when does it disappear**

Answer 53

When touching an infants cheek, he will move his head in the direction of touch and start a sucking motion. Disappears by 4 months of age

Question 54

**Dx Absence Seizures**

Answer 54

Brief impairment of consciousness. Pt usually unaware of attacks Starring episodes, eye twitching, blinking, chewing, or hand movements No convulsions, no post-ictal state Tx: Ethosuximide or Valproic Acid