neuromethods of decision making

Question 1

what are the methods of analysing the brain

Answer 1

VBT
DTI

Question 2

methods of analysing brain functioning

Answer 2

RSFC
resting state functional connectivitly

Question 3

methods of neurostimulation

Answer 3

tDCS
transcranial direct current stimulation

Question 4

what is grey matter

Answer 4

neuronal cells and unmyelinated no myelin sheath axons

Question 5

what is white matter

Answer 5

myelinated axons - connectivity

Question 6

how do MRI’s work

Answer 6

exploiting the magnetic properties of hydrogen in brain
hydrogen becomes aligned with magnetic field
radio frequency pulse is applied that resonate at frequency into the body
protons
when RF pulse ends - hydrogen returns to equilibrium
released energy absorbed by this picked up by detector in MRI scan
grey and white matter show up differently

Question 7

what were the results of the London taxi driver study

Answer 7

significant increase in posterior hippocampus grey matter volume in taxi drivers
positive corrolation between time as taxi drivers and posterior hippocampus

Question 8

what happens with diffusion tensor imaging - what matter integrity

Answer 8

analysis of brain connectivity
myelin content - made by oligonucleotides
breakdown of myelin results in disruptive connectivity

Question 9

what does functional MRI allow

Answer 9

allows researchers to create images distinguishing between active/inactive regions in the brain

Question 10

what does BOLD stand for

Answer 10

blood
oxygen
level
dependent
meassures

Question 11

what does bold measures and assume

Answer 11

neural activity
assumes systemic relationship between reigns of varying activity during different processes

Question 12

what is resting state FMRI

Answer 12

functional connectivity by correlating bold time series across different parts of the brain
if bold in different regions are similar means info has passed through them
highlights differences in brain activity
default mode network

Question 13

orbitofrontal cortext

Answer 13

value based decision making

Question 14

dorsal lateral prefrontal cortext

Answer 14

association with outcome motoring

Question 15

anterior cingulate cortext

Answer 15

associated with error monitoring

Question 16

what is the insula called

Answer 16

hidden island of addiction

Question 17

what happens with a damaged insula

Answer 17

reduced cravings with smoking,
reduction in use of the gamblers fallacy

Question 18

what stimuli does insula take

Answer 18

painful or aversive

Question 19

what does it do

Answer 19

changes behaviours to avoid unpleasant stimuli or money loss

Question 20

what is insula sensitive too

Answer 20

punishment

Question 21

increase loss aversion leads too

Answer 21

reduced insula volume

Question 22

lesions in insula associated with

Answer 22

cognitive distortion

Question 23

what does the medial temporal lobe do MTL

Answer 23

anticipates reward or activates separate ares of MTL

Question 24

how does the MTL update future decision making stratagies

Answer 24

encodes the memory of aversion outcomes

Question 25

what happenes to a damaged MTL

Answer 25

impaired decision making on lowa gambeling task, outcome monitoring

Question 26

optimal decision making

Answer 26

playing random is outside the bounds of human cognition

Question 27

what is win stay behaviour

Answer 27

utilise strategies based on prior outcomes

Question 28

what is reinforcement learning paradigms

Answer 28

individual update decision strategies incrementally on trail by trail bases with the aim to obtain rewards

Question 29

what are reward outcomes associated with

Answer 29

behaviour statagies which seek to maximise reward probability and leads to repetitive successful choices

Question 30

what novitiates changes in statagies

Answer 30

monetary loss

Question 31

what does continuing to gamble happen

Answer 31

chance losses increases risky decision making use of aberrant decision making

Question 32

what are the details of the human connectome project

Answer 32

mapping human brain, PI, 1200 22-35 image types structural and functional MRI data institutions

Question 33

what was the hypothesis for human connectome

Answer 33

significant corrolation between GMV of the insula and the MTL and lose-shift behaviour

Question 34

what does reduction of MW do to task preformance

Answer 34

detrimental

Question 35

increases WM integrity within healthy individuals associated with

Answer 35

cognitive control creativity action selection global cognitive ability association with cognitive abilities and decision competence

Question 36

white matter structural aonnectivity

Answer 36

diffusion tensor image 94ppt from HCP high and low groups association between lose shift behaviour and white matter connectivity