detecting deception

Question 1

reasons for lying

Answer 1

avoidance
personal advantage
humour
pathological
harmful

Question 2

how often do we lie hancock 2007

Answer 2

deception 14% emails sent
27% to their face
37% phone conversations

Question 3

how much do we lie

Answer 3

hample ‘80 - married couples ie 1 put of 10 times with their partner

Question 4

depaulo ‘96

Answer 4

college students lie to their mothers in half their conversations

Question 5

zuckermans 1981 definition of deception

Answer 5

An act intended to foster in
another person a belief or
understanding that the deceiver
considers false

Question 6

how well do people deceive others

Answer 6

trying = 45%-60%
average = 54&

law enforcement are more confident but score the same

Question 7

what is the emotional perspective

Answer 7

liers experience emotions differently and can detect them

Question 8

what are the 3 emotions within the perspective

Answer 8

apprihention
guilt
excitement

Question 9

what is the cognitive load theory

Answer 9

lying is more cogntive demanding and show more cogitative load because of it
used with emotional perspective pearson 2020

Question 10

cognitive load research aim

Answer 10

develop ways to increase cognitive load so they exhibit more cues

example - reverse order event recall vrij 2008

Question 11

self presentational

Answer 11

liers give away by a direct result of their conscious attempt to appear honest

Question 12

what does self presentation suggest about liars

Answer 12

less forthcoming,
less compelling,
less positive,
less tense

Question 13

cues to deception

Answer 13

depaulo 2003
158 non and verbal cues
more tense
less cooperative
less compelling
less likely to admit they carnt remember

Question 14

what is wrong with depaulo 2003

Answer 14

infrequent and unreliable
effect is small cohen’s d about 0.10

Question 15

pre-scientific lie detectors

Answer 15

rice grain and powder - ancient china
hot iron - Arabia and Bengal
trail slice - catholic
dry mouth = lying

Question 16

what is the history of polygraph 1914

Answer 16

benussi research into respatory cues

Question 17

polygraph 1915

Answer 17

marston invents discontinuous systolic blood pressure test

Question 18

polygraph 1921

Answer 18

Larson simultaneously measures continuous changes in blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate

Question 19

polygraph 1930

Answer 19

keeler creates first formatized testing procedure

relevant irrelevant questions

Question 20

polygraph 1936

Answer 20

summers paper on galvanic skin responce

measures weat production

Question 21

polygraph 1938

Answer 21

keeler added to GSR to larson polygraph

Question 22

what does the polygraph measure

Answer 22

cardiovascular activity
respiratory activity
electroderma activity

Question 23

what is the control question technique reid 1940

Answer 23

relevant - reletion on crime
irrelevant - no reverence
control - examins moral character

Question 24

phase 1 pre-examination interview

Answer 24

talk about crime,
how the test will go,
understand all the questions,
examiner can adjust the questions of crime

Question 25

phase 2 - examination

Answer 25

suspect wired to polygraph questions pre-set irrelevent questions - psychological state to baseline relevent- guilty have to deney whilst innocent deny truthfully control - probable lie question

Question 26

challenge of control questions

Answer 26

similar nature to crime relevant question comparable in every scene independent to crime

Question 27

phase 3 evaluation

Answer 27

examiner compares magnitude of physiological response when answering relevant and irrelevant across 3 channels guilty= stronger reaction to relevant question non=stronger reaction to control question

Question 28

what theories are cited for the baises of CQT

Answer 28

arousal theories, like threat of punishment davis 1961 psychological set theory barland 1981

Question 29

what are the criticisms of cqt

Answer 29

no standardisation and has examiner intuition individual differences with arousal of ans and blood glucose

Question 30

what does the CQT assume the innocent will be

Answer 30

honesty in response to relevant question worried about the lies in control question resulting in different arousal patterns between liers and truth tellers

Question 31

what does BPS make of CQT criticisms

Answer 31

innocent person could be aroused answering questions because relevant question is emotional or when innocent examine experiences fear

Question 32

why is CQT used

Answer 32

alot of empirical up to quality standard data showing effectiveness

Question 33

accuracy estimates of CQT

Answer 33

guilty = 74-89% innocent = 59-83%

Question 34

what is the bogus pipeline

Answer 34

describes the effect of being hooked up to a polygraph makes a person more likely to confess

Question 35

what is concealed information test (CIT) lykken 1959

Answer 35

testing for crime relevant detail using polygraphs using a multiple choice format

Question 36

what is the orienting response

Answer 36

immidiate reaction to changes in a persons environment that is significant but dosent invoke flight or fight develops at a young age posner 2000

Question 37

what happens during orienting response

Answer 37

cardiovascular changes, increased breathing and electroderman activity bradely 2011

Question 38

how to formulate CIT question

Answer 38

1. find specific facts of crime 2.detail has to be memorable 3.create answers that could seem as a plausable answer

Question 39

administering the concealed information test (CIT) matsuda 2009

Answer 39

pre test interview person wired up and had 30s between seconds measuring psychological presences to correct answer

Question 40

why isnt CIT used anymore

Answer 40

polygraph has passed with CQT in mind accuracy is higher. concealed information rate = 76-84% absence = 83-94%

Question 41

what is voice stress analysis

Answer 41

assumption that deceptive indiviuals will have measurable microtremors in vocal chords cestaro '95 lab and feild studies have found it effective palmatier 9'6

Question 42

what is thermal imaging

Answer 42

measurs heat given off body with infared lights some evidence but not enough for mass application warmelink 2011

Question 43

what is p300

Answer 43

positive event related potentia 800 milliseonds after meaning full info is recognised within series of non important stimuli

Question 44

what are countermeasures

Answer 44

generate a fale negitive outcomes by reducing responces to significant stimuli drugs innaffective as countermeassure to cqt lacono 1992

Question 45

what did honts 1994 say about counterballancing

Answer 45

both the CQT and CIT are vulnerable to physical and mental countermeasures designed to increase response to insignificant stimuli, but although there is variance in the degree to which the different channels are affected