Neuromodulators Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the 3 types of neurotransmitters?
- Ionotropic excitatory
- Ionotropic inhibitory
- metabotropic/neuromodulatory
Ionotropic excitatory neurotransmitters use _____ and ______.
Glutamate and ACh
Ionotropic inhibitory neurotransmitters use _______ and _______.
GABA and glycine
Ionotropic inhibitory neurotransmitters cause ______.
IPSPs
Ionotropic excitatory neurotransmitters cause ______.
EPSPs
Metabotropic neurotransmitters cause what?
A cascade of chemical reactions inside a cell.
Norepinephrine is to the brain as ______ is to the body.
Adrenaline
Histamine is responsible for what state of the brain?
The awake state
Dopamine deals with what kind of signals?
Reward signals
T/F: The metabotropic pathway opens ion channels.
FALSE: the metabotropic pathway does not open ion channels themselves, but when it is opened, it keeps it open for a little bit longer.
What are the properties of ion channels? (IS-G-Ki-Sing-D)
- Ion selectivity
- Gating
- Kinetics
- State
- Distribution
What are the states of ion channels?
Activated, inactivated, deinactivated, persistent, phosphorylated
___________ is an alteration of ion channel kinetics through changes in phosphorylation state.
Neuromodulation I
__________ is an uneven distribution across dendrites of ion channels.
Neuromodulation II
In neuromodulation II, neuronal responses are (intrinsic/extrinsic)?
Intrinsic
In neuromodulation II, the inputs happen in which cortex?
Piriform
How many layers does the Piriform cortex have?
3
Layer I of the Piriform cortex is split in two. Ia responds to what system?
The olfactory bulb
Layer I of the Piriform cortex is split in two. Ib responds to what system?
All other areas of the cortex (including visual)
Which is faster, an inototropic or metabotropic receptor?
Ionotropic
