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Cogs107B > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Do birds have REM?

A

It is debatable

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2
Q

Do reptilians have REM?

A

No

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3
Q

What is the one exception to mammalians having REM sleep?

A

Echidna

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4
Q

nREM is also called what?

A

Delta sleep, quiet sleep, or deep sleep

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5
Q

REM is also called what?

A

Active, paradoxical, and dream sleep

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6
Q

Bursts of cell signals during REM may be the cause or root of dreams. This is called the ___________ __________ hypothesis.

A

Activation Synthesis Hypothesis

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7
Q

At 49, stage _____ occupies about half of Dr. Nitz’s sleep.

A

Stage 2

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8
Q

In _____ sleep, there is either a lot or a minimum of temporal coherence and synaptic activity.

A

REM

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9
Q

Spindles happen in which stage of sleep?

A

Stage 2

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10
Q

How many stages of nREM are there?

A
  1. Used to be 4 but 3/4 together now.
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11
Q

________ are sudden and pure oscillations of 12-14 Hz during Stage 2 of nREM.

A

Spindles

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12
Q

During which stage of sleep are you truly unconscious?

A

Stage 3/4 of nREM

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13
Q

Aserinsky and Kleitman discovered what?

A

REM sleep. It was not discovered until 1957 because the EEG measures were too much like awake state.

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14
Q

1 nREM to REM is about ____ minutes in length.

A

90

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15
Q

What factor is most highly correlated with interspecies differences in nREM/REM sleep.

A

Brain size

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16
Q

Within the nREM cycle, after sleep deprivation one would have more time in which stage?

A

3/4

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17
Q

How did Aserinsky and Kleitman discover REM?

A

Through the mentation questions when waking individuals during REM

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18
Q

What are the 2 factors of sleep? (hint: C and S)

A

C: circadian
S: homeostatic/sleep debt

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19
Q

What is the “opposite” of narcolepsy?

A

REM behavior disorder

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20
Q

___________ is an invasion of the mechanism that stops you from acting out your dreams.

A

Narcolepsy

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21
Q

When a narcoleptic individual becomes paralyzed, are they asleep?

A

No, just paralyzed

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22
Q

When a narcoleptic individual does fall asleep, what happens?

A

They go directly into REM sleep and by-pass nREM

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23
Q

Who is Allan Rechtschaffen?

A

The Godfather of sleep

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24
Q

Who is Allan Rechtschaffen’s French counterpart?

Study These Flashcards
A

Michel Jeuvet

25
Allan Rechtschaffen discovered that if you sleep deprive rats for 3-4 weeks, they _____.
Die
26
What method did Allan Rechtschaffen use in his rat sleep study?
The disk-over-water method.
27
What is the disk-over-water method?
A subject is placed on a disk and when it begins to show signs of sleep, the disk rotates so that it must walk or it gets dumped into the water.
28
If you took away 20-25% of a rat's overall sleep, what would happen?
It would be fine.
29
If you took away 20-25% of a rat's REM sleep, what would happen?
The rat would die.
30
__________ is the process of trying to maintain a particular level of something.
Homeostasis
31
Your body builds a ______ ______ over time when you are awake.
Sleep debt
32
What is the main tool used to study sleep?
EEGs
33
An EEG is a form of a ______ _______ potential.
Local field potential
34
In CA-1 of the hippocampus, the interneurons tend to fire in rhythms. This is an example of ______________.
local field potential
35
In CA-1 of the hippocampus, _________ interneurons are connected and tend to fire in rhythms.
GABA-ergic
36
In CA-1 of the hippocampus, an electrode of an EEG would pick up interneurons firing at a pace of...?
8 Hz per second
37
Local field potentials reflect __________ _________.
Temporal coherence
38
_________ _________ is the synchronization of synaptic activity.
Temporal coherence
39
If one interneuron fired one IPSP, would an EEG be able to detect it?
No it is too small
40
An EEG can only pick up signals if they summate or...?
If enough of them are temporally coherent
41
T/F: Field potentials measure action potentials.
FALSE.
42
T/F: Field potentials measure temporal coherence in synaptic activity.
True!
43
When an animal is awake and walking OR in REM: interneurons fire in _______ oscillations.
8 Hz
44
When studying sleep, what factors do you want to observe?
Eye movements, muscle tone, pattern of breathing, and heart rate
45
What kind of EEGs are present during stage 1 nREM?
Waves are similar to waking, but have slower field potentials
46
What kind of EEGs are present during stage 2 nREM?
Spindles and K-complex
47
If you are sleep deprived, factor C _______ and factor S ________ until you actually sleep.
Factor C continues and factor S rises until sleep
48
Which three neuromodulatory systems are REM-off?
1. NE (norepinephrine) 2. 5-HT (serotonin) 3. HA (histamine)
49
Which neurons determine the activity of neuromodulatory systems during sleep/wake cycles?
Orexin
50
VLPO neurons have a _____ firing rate during nREM.
High
51
Which neurons mediate muscle atonia during REM? (make if so that you are unable to move)
REM-on neurons
52
T/F: If REM-on neurons are removed from the brain, and the animal no longer has REM sleep, the animal will die.
False!
53
In the waking state of REM, the EEG is (synchronized/desynchronized)?
Desynchronized
54
During awake states, neuromodulatory systems keep the membrane potential in a pyramidal cell at its resting potential by...?
Closing K+ leak channels, which reduces hyperpolarization
55
During nREM, how do VLPO neurons affect neuromodulatory systems?
VLPO inhibits NM systems
56
During nREM, how do VLPO neurons affect orexin?
VLPO inhibits orexin
57
________ is a form of re-entry in which neurons in the same region talk to other neurons in the same region.
Autoassociation
58
Burst of neurons in the _______ are the cause of rapid-eye movements.
pons

Cogs107B (7 decks)

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