Neuromuscular Abnormalities

Question 1

Phoria

Answer 1

eyes deviate when fusion is broken

Question 2

Tropia

Answer 2

manifest deviation of the eyes

Question 3

Unilateral Tropia

Answer 3

patient fixates with one eye

Question 4

Constant Tropia

Answer 4

fusion is not enough to keep eyes aligned

Question 5

Intermittent Tropia

Answer 5

fusion functions at times, but not always

Question 6

Norms for CT

Answer 6

Distance 1 XP (+/- 2)

Near 3 XP (+/- 3)

Question 7

Neutralizing Exo

Answer 7

Base In

Question 8

Neutralizing Eso

Answer 8

Base Out

Question 9

Neutralizing Hyper

Answer 9

Base Down

Question 10

Neutralizing Hypo

Answer 10

Base Up

Question 11

Splitting Vertical Prism

Answer 11

absolute sum of prism
keep same base
OD 4BU / OS 3 BD = 7 OD BU or 7 OS BD

Question 12

Splitting Horizontal Prism

Answer 12

keep same base OU

8 BO = 4 BO OD / 4 BO OS

Question 13

Torticollis

Answer 13

abnormal head position

Question 14

Ocular Torticollis

Answer 14

compensatory response to ocular problems to maintain binocularity and improve VAs

Question 15

Abnormalities that cause Ocular Torticollis

Answer 15

nystagmus
strabismus
supranuclear disorders
monocular blindness/ ptosis
refractive error
visual field defect

Question 16

Comitant

Answer 16

deviation size remains same or within 5pd in all positions of gaze
no muscles are over or underacting

Question 17

Non-Comitant

Answer 17

deviations different in different positions of gaze

over or under action of one or more muscles

Question 18

Congenital/ Acquired Strabismus Timeline

Answer 18

before/ after 6 months

Question 19

Congenital History

Answer 19

uncertain onset

intermittent diplopia or asymptomatic

Question 20

Aquired History

Answer 20

exact time of onset is known

Question 21

Congenital Head Posture

Answer 21

family is unaware of abnormal posture

Question 22

Acquire Head Posture

Answer 22

patient is aware of posturing

Question 23

Congenital Comitancy

Answer 23

appears comitant because of developed muscle sequalea

Question 24

Acquired Comitancy

Answer 24

over action of yoked muscle seen

Question 25

Paralysis

Answer 25

action of muscle is completely

Question 26

Paresis

Answer 26

action of muscle is impaired

Question 27

Palsy

Answer 27

general term of paresis/ paralysis

Question 28

Neurogenic Deviation

Answer 28

apparent deviation in primary gaze

Question 29

Mechanical Deviation

Answer 29

little/ no deviation in primary gaze

Question 30

Neurogenic Diplopia

Answer 30

same in different gazes

Question 31

Mechanical Diplopia

Answer 31

opposite to gaze

Question 32

Neurogenic Ocular Movement

Answer 32

greater movements on ductions than versions

Question 33

Mechanical Ocular Movement

Answer 33

duction and version movement equally limited

Question 34

Neurogenic Hess Lancaster

Answer 34

field of affected eye is smaller and displaced equal to deviation

Question 35

Mechanical Hess Lancaster

Answer 35

fields are irregular and close to each other

Question 36

Limits phoria symptoms

Answer 36

sensorimotor system

Question 37

Deviations more likely to cause symptoms

Answer 37

vertical deviations

Question 38

Poor fusion is associated with......

Answer 38

``` fatigue asthenopia headaches diplopia suppression avoidance ```