Neuromuscular Diseases

Question 1

What are the 4 categories of Neuromuscular disease

Answer 1

Motorneurons, Neuropathyes, NMJ and Myopathies

Question 2

What is the common Motor neuron disease affecting both UMN and LMN

Answer 2

MND

Question 3

Signs/symptoms of MND

Answer 3

○ Muscle wasting
	○ Fasicultions
	○ Increased/decreased tone
	○ Generalised weakness
	○ Reflexes preserved until late/or exaggerated 
	○ No sensory loss
	○ Cranial nerves spared
		§ Except Bulbar (IX, X, XI andXII)

Question 4

UMN diseases

Answer 4

○ Hereditary spastic paraplegia
○ Adrenomyeloneuropathy X linked
○ Primary lateral sclerosis

Question 5

LMN diseases

Answer 5

○ Spinal Muscle Atrophy

○ Progressive Muscular atrophy

Question 6

Diseases at the MNJ

Answer 6

MG, LEMS and Botulism

Question 7

Characteristics of MG

Answer 7

§ Abs to Ach receptors that induce exocytosis of receptor and inflammation
§ History of fatiguability upon exertion
§ Early involvement of extraocular muscles and lid opening muscles
§ No muscle wasting

Reflexes and sensation uneffected

Question 8

What is LEMS

Answer 8

Abs to Ca2+ at the Pre-synaptic junction

Question 9

Action of Botulism toxin

Answer 9

Inhibits release of ACh by SNARE protein at junction

Question 10

Causes of Focal neuropathies

Answer 10

Compression

Question 11

Causes of Multi-Focal neuropathies

Answer 11

Ischemia

Question 12

Other causes of acute and Chronic neuropathies

Answer 12

Damage to axons or dymyleinating diseases

Question 13

Causes of acute neuropathies

Answer 13

§ Dymyelinating
			□ GBS
			□ AIDS seroconversion
			□ Lymphoma
		§ Axonal
			□ Vasculitis
			□ Thiamine deficiency

Question 14

Causes of chronic neuropathies

Answer 14

Everything under the sun

Question 15

Causes of Myopathies

Answer 15

Everything under the sun but of note, dystrophies and myolitis, statins

Question 16

THree types of Myolitis

Answer 16

Poly/dermato and inclusion body myositis charaterised by T or B cell invasion