Seizures/Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a seizure?

A

Paroxysmal excessive, synchronous, abnormal firing patterns of neurons

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2
Q

What features can occur to a patient during a seizure?

A

Moaning, neck jerking, frothing at the mouth, Tonic phase (Stiffening), Clonic Phase (Synchronous jerking or head and limbs), pale, tongue biting, open and backward eyes

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3
Q

Different types of seizures

A

Focal, Global and unidentified

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4
Q

Different classes of epilepsy?

A

Metabolic/structural, genetic and unknown

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5
Q

Age ranges of different types of epilepsy?

A
Young = Genetic
Old = Structural/Metabolic
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6
Q

4 different cellular causes of Epilepsy

A

Aberrant firing or decreased inhibitory firing, abberrant sprouting, altered synaptic transmissions and alterations in the neuronal environment

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7
Q

Epilepsy is?

A

Neuronal networks that fire in an uncontrolled, hypersynchronous, self sustained manner. Is in an oscillatory manner of firing.

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8
Q

Main structures involved?

A

Medial temporal lobe (Hippocampus) cell lose, gliosis and mossy fibre sprouting in the dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3.

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9
Q

Genetic Predispositions?

A

Mutations or altered use of ion channels, 50% of which are in the Medial temporal lobe.

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10
Q

Other Causes of Epilepsy

A

Focal Cortical dysplasia, periventricular nodule heteropia (abnormal neuron migration), low grade tumours, vascular lesions (Cavernous and congenital malformations) and focal encephalomalcia

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11
Q

Treatment of epilepsy

A

Hippocampal resection, medications and changes in diet

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