Neuromuscular Junction

Question 1

Exocytosis of vesicle containing neurotransmitters is triggered by

Answer 1

Calcium influx

Question 2

Amine neurotransmitters include

Answer 2

Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, Adrenaline and serotonin (5HT)

Question 3

Amino acid neurotransmitters include

Answer 3

glutamate, GABA

Question 4

Sympathetic postganglionic nerves use which neurotransmitter

Answer 4

noradrenaline

Question 5

parasympathetic post ganglionic nerves use which neurotransmitter

Answer 5

Acetylcholine

Question 6

Preganglionic neurons use which neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Acetylcholine

Question 7

which post ganglionic axons are longer, sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 7

sympathetic

Question 8

noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine are all derived from

Answer 8

tyrosine

Question 9

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause

Answer 9

smooth muscle contraction in vascular, genitourinary and eye (plus gluconeogenesis in liver)

Question 10

beta 1 adregergic receptors cause

Answer 10

increased rate and force of heart

Question 11

Sympathetic nervous system effects are

Answer 11

pupil dilation, increased heart rate,dilate bronchial smooth muscle, decreased gut motility, increased sweating, constrict blood vessels (mostly), dilates skeletal muscle blood vessels

Question 12

ACh receptors can be

Answer 12

muscarinic or nicotinic

Question 13

Nicotinic receptors are found

Answer 13

on postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves with cell bodies in CNS (ganglion’s and adrenal medulla)

Question 14

muscarinic receptors are found

Answer 14

at effector organ

Question 15

nicotinic (neuronal type) receptors are

Answer 15

ligand gated ion chanels in ganglion or adrenal medulla

Question 16

muscarinic receptors are

Answer 16

G protein coupled receptors which are not susceptible to depolarisation blockade

Question 17

the muscarinic receptors mostly within the CNS are

Answer 17

M1, M4 and M5

Question 18

the muscarinic receptors within the peripheral tissues are

Answer 18

M2, M3

Question 19

M1 receptors are responsible for

Answer 19

salivation, gastric acid secretion and increase CNS actions

Question 20

M2 receptors have

Answer 20

cardiac inhibitory effects

Question 21

M3 receptors are

Answer 21

smooth muscle contractors in GIT, vasodilation (via NO) and glandular secretion (sweating)

Question 22

M4 and M5 receptors are

Answer 22

mostly in CNS and may be implicated by nuerological conditions such at Alzheimers, Parkinson’s etc.

Question 23

Parasympathetic effects are

Answer 23

miosis, increased salivation, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction, peristalisus, bile release, bladder contraction

Question 24

Adrenoreceptors are

Answer 24

G coupled

Question 25

alpha 2 adrenoreceptors cause

Answer 25

decreased transmitter release at presynaptic nerve terminals

Question 26

beta 2 adrenoreceptors

Answer 26

vascular smooth muscle relaxation, uterine smooth muscle relaxation and bronchial smooth muscle contraction (and glycogenolysis in liver)

Question 27

beta 3 adrenoreceptors are

Answer 27

lipolysis in fat, GI smooth muscle relaxation

Question 28

cholinergic receptors on skeletal muscle are

Answer 28

nicotinic

Question 29

serotonin (5HT ) has what effects

Answer 29

GIT motility, platelet aggregation, emesis, sleep-wake cycle, appetite, depression

Question 30

nitric oxide, which is a lipid soluble gas synthesised on demand, associated with

Answer 30

vessel dilation

Question 31

AS ACh constantly associates and dissociated from nAChR what happens

Answer 31

AChE is contacted and breaks dwon ACh