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Year 1 VIA Revision > Upper Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Clavicle most commonly fractures at … The bones move …

A

Lateral 1/3, medial 2/3

Lateral 1/3 moves inferomedially (pulled down by upper limb) and medial 2/3 moves superior (pulled by trapezius)

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2
Q

Clavicle fractures endanger

A

Subclavian artery and veins, brachial plexus devisoin and suprascapular nerves

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3
Q

Innervation of rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus: suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus: suprascapular
Teres minor: axillary nerve
Subscapularis: upper and lower subscapula nerves

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4
Q

attachments and action of subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa to lesser tubercule of humerus causing internal rotation of humerus.

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5
Q

Testing of rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus: empty can test
Infraspinatus: resisted external rotation
Subscapularis: lift off test
Teres minor: resisted internal rotation

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6
Q

Axillary lymph nodes drainage

A

Pectoral Nodes: drain upper outer quadrant of breast
Lateral nodes: drain upper arm
Posterior nodes: posterior chest wall
Central nodes: drain posterior, pectoral and lateral nodes
Apical nodes: drain central and hence all others

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7
Q

Passing through axilla

A

axillary artery and vein, cords and branches of brachial plexus and axillary lymph

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8
Q

Quadrilateral space of thorax

A

superiorly bordered by teres minor, inferiorly by teres major, medially by long head of triceps, laterally by surgical neck of humerus.

Contains axiallary nerve and posterior circimflex artery

Structures endangered in surgical neck of humerus fracture and anteroinferior dislocations of humerus

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9
Q

Triangular interval

A

superior border teres minor, medial border long head biceps, lateral border humerus

Contains radial nerve and deep brachial artery

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10
Q

Triangular space

A

Bordered superiorly by teres minor, inferiorly by teres major and laterally by long head of triceps

Contains circumflex scapular artery and vein

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11
Q

Damage to axiallry nerve occurs via surgical neck fractures. What is result?

A

Deltoid paralysis and inability to abduct past 30 degrees. Loss of sensation on regimental patch. May have bleeding from posterior circumflex humeral artery

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12
Q

Midshaft humerus fractures endager

A

Radial nerve in radial groove and deep brachial artery. May cause wrist drop

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13
Q

Medial epichodylar fractures endanger

A

ulnar nerve resulting in minor ulnar claw (ulnar paradox) and loss of sensation to medial 1.5 digits

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14
Q

Medial supracondylar ridge fractures endager

A

median nerve and brachial artery

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15
Q

Biceps brachii attachments and innervation, best action

A

Short head : coracoid process
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

Innervation: musculocutaneous

Best action: whilst supinated

Pop-eye sign: biceps tendon not attatched.

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16
Q

Anterior arm actions and innervation

A

Actions: flexion of shoulder and elbow, supination of forearm

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve. Except brachialis which is partially innervated by radial nerve

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17
Q

Pop-eye sign

A

rupture of biceps tendon

18
Q

Cubital fossa borders and contents

A

medial border is lateral border of pronator teres, lateral border is medial border of brachioradialis, superior border imaginary line bewteen epichondyles

Contents: median nerve, radial nerve (maybe), median cubital vein

19
Q

Posterior arm and forearm innervation

A

Radial nerve

20
Q

Colles fracture

A

transverse fracture causing posterior duisplacement of distal radius

FOOSH fracture

21
Q

Smith fracture

A

falling on flexed hand

Transverse fracture causing anterior displacement of distal radius

22
Q

Anterior forearm innervation

A

median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus by ulnar nerve

23
Q

Anterior forearm muscle attatchments

A

medial epichondyle

24
Q

difference between flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis

A

profundus flexes distal IP joint and superficialis won’t

25
Q

Nursemaids elbow

A

dislocation of radius from annular ligament

26
Q

Student’s elbow

A

inflammation of olecranon bursa

27
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons, 4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, 1 flexor policis longus tendon and median nerve bound by flexor retinaculum

28
Q

median nerve

A

lateral 3.5 digits sensation

29
Q

guyons canal

A

carries ulnar nerve and artery. Compression causes loss to medial 1.5 digits

30
Q

Carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capatate hamate

From radius to ulnar in 2 lines

31
Q

innervation of muscles of hand

A

All innervated by ulnar except LOAF

Lateral 2 lumbricals
Opponens pollucis
Abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis

Including posterior hand muscles

32
Q

Anatomical snuffbox

A

feel scaphoid (fracture) and trapezium and can feel radial artery. Cephalic vein in here as well

33
Q

Brachial plexus nerves

A 
Musculocutaneous
Median
Axillary 
Radial
Ulnar
34
Q

Klumpkes paralysis

A

abducted arm being pulled

C8 and T1 damaged

Results in weakness of intrinsic arm muscles (ulnar claw) and horners syndrome (T1)

35
Q

Erb’s Duchene palsy

A

traction of head and neck damaging C5 and C6

Presents as medially rotated arm and extended and pronated forearm (waiters tip)

36
Q

Long thoracic nerve

A

from C5, C6, C7 and innervates seratus anterior anterior

Severing causes winging of scapula (protracted and posterior scapular)

C5, 6 7 wings to heaven

37
Q

Axillary nerve

A

motor to deltoid, sensory to regiumental patch

Damaged surgical neck humerus

C5, C6

38
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

motor to coracobrachial, biceps and brachialis, sensory to lateral skin of forearm

C5, C6, C7

39
Q

Radial nerve

A

motor to forearm and arm extensors and sensory to dorsal lateral 3.5 digits of hand

Damaged midshaft humerus of fracture

Roots C5,6,7,8,T1

40
Q

median nerve

A

motor to anterior forearm (except 2) and LOAF

Sensory to palmar lateral 3.5 digits of hand

damage in carpal tunnel

Loss causes hand of benediction, thenar eminence of wasting , loss of sensation to palmar lateral 3.5

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

41
Q

ulnar nerve

A

motor to 2 anterior forearm muscles and all intrinsic hand muscles except LOAF

Damage at medial epicondyle of humerus and guyons canal

Causes ulnar claw, fromet sign and wasting of hypothenar emminence and loss of sensation to medial 1.5 didgits of hands

C7, C8, T1

42
Q

Myotomes

A 
Shoulder abduction: C5, 6
Shoulder adduction: C6,7,8
Elbow flexion: C5,6
Elbow extension: C7,8
Wrist flexion: C6,7
Wrist extention: C7,8
Finger flexion: C7,8
Finger extention: C7,8
Finger abduction and adduction: C8, T1

Year 1 VIA Revision (6 decks)

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