Neuron and Brain Vocab

Question 1

Dendrites

Answer 1

Receive message (from other neurons)

Question 2

Soma

Answer 2

Keeps cell healthy

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Heart of cell body

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Transports message

Question 5

Myelin Sheath

Answer 5

Sends message faster and protecting the message

Question 6

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 6

Gaps between myelin sheath, allows message to skip

Question 7

Axon Terminals

Answer 7

Sends messages, stores neurotransmitters (neurons, muscles, glands)

Question 8

Resting Potential

Answer 8

Neuron waiting to fire

Question 9

Action Potential

Answer 9

Neuron firing

Question 10

Threshold

Answer 10

level of stimulation needed to fire

Question 11

Depolarization

Answer 11

Positive ions mix with negative axon

Question 12

All or Nothing Response

Answer 12

Fires or doesn’t

Question 13

Refractory Period

Answer 13

Positives ions go back outside

Question 14

Strength of Signal

Answer 14

How many neurons fire

Question 15

Sensory Nerves

Answer 15

Send sensory info to brain

Question 16

Interneurons

Answer 16

Touch, taste, sight, smell, sound process the info in brain

Question 17

Motor Nerves

Answer 17

send info to body about movement

Question 18

Neurotransmitters

Answer 18

Chemical messengers that transport sensory info
Medicine = normal neurotransmitters leave

Question 19

Antagonist (inhibitory effect)

Answer 19

blocks neurotransmitters (inhibitory effect)

Question 20

Agonist (excitatory effect)

Answer 20

mimic neurotransmitters

Question 21

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 21

Brain and spinal cord (interneurons)

Question 22

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 22

Connects body to brain (sensory and motor neurons)

Question 23

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 23

voluntary skeletal muscle movements

Question 24

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 24

controls automatic body functions

Question 25

Sympathetic Division

Answer 25

amps you up (fight or flight)

Question 26

Parasympathetic Division

Answer 26

calms you down (rest and digest)

Question 27

Endocrine System

Answer 27

glands release hormones into the bloodstream

Question 28

Hormones

Answer 28

chemical messengers for glands

Question 29

Pituitary Gland

Answer 29

controls other glands and communicates with brain

Question 30

CAT/CT Scan

Answer 30

x rays of slices of brain

Question 31

MRI

Answer 31

magnetic fields and radio waves to make a 3D model of brain

Question 32

EEG

Answer 32

Measures electrical activity of the brain

Question 33

PET Scan

Answer 33

Watching brain activity with radioactive glucose

Question 34

Brainstem

Answer 34

automatic survival functions

Question 35

Medulla (Oblongata)

Answer 35

heartbeat and breathing

Question 36

Reticular Formation

Answer 36

wakefulness and arousal

Question 37

Thalamus

Answer 37

Brain’s sensory switchboard

Question 38

Cerebellum

Answer 38

ordinates voluntary movement and balance

Question 39

Limbic System

Answer 39

regulates maintenance activities

Question 40

Hypothalamus

Answer 40

regulates eating, drinking, body temp, arousal

Question 41

Hippocampus

Answer 41

processes memory for storage

Question 42

Amygdala

Answer 42

controls emotions

Question 43

The Cerebral Cortex

Answer 43

(wrinkly part of the brain) higher order thinking

Question 44

Frontal Lobe

Answer 44

involved in making plans and judgements

Question 45

Parietal Lobe

Answer 45

the general association area

Question 46

Occipital Lobe

Answer 46

processes vision

Question 47

Temporal Lobe

Answer 47

processes hearing

Question 48

Motor Cortex

Answer 48

processes movement

Question 49

Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 49

processes body sensations

Question 50

Left Hemisphere of Brain

Answer 50

controls right side of body, language and logic

Question 51

Right Hemisphere of Brain

Answer 51

controls left side of body, art, visual, creativity stuff

Question 52

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 52

divides two hemispheres

Question 53

Corpus Callosum

Answer 53

connects two hemispheres and allows them to communicate