Neuron Histology

Question 1

What make up the structures in the nervous system?

Answer 1

Neurons, and neuroglia

Question 2

What are Neurons?

Answer 2

nervous system cells that can conduct electrical signals and pass information rapidly through the body

Question 3

what is the cell body of a neuron called?

Answer 3

soma

Question 4

what is found in the soma?

Answer 4

nucleus, organelles, free ribosomes, it is attached to dendrites

Question 5

what are dendrites?

Answer 5

short, tapering, branched nerve processes that receive chemical signals from other neurons

Question 6

what is an axon?

Answer 6

a long, thin, and cylindrical nerve process that generates nerve Impulses and transmits them to axon terminals, which release neurotransmitters to another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland

Question 7

what is a myelinated axon?

Answer 7

axons surrounded by insulated bilipid and protein myelin sheaths that conduct nerve impulses faster

Question 8

what is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

Answer 8

to insulate and increase conduction speed, not all neurons are myelinated.

Question 9

what are the different types of neurons?

Answer 9

Classified by structure, there are multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar

Question 10

which neuron type has one axon and many dendrites?

Answer 10

Multipolar

Question 11

which neuron type has one axon, and one dendrite, and is found in special sensory organs?

Answer 11

Bipolar

Question 12

which neuron type as an axon that splits into two branches that attach to cell body?

Answer 12

Unipolar

Question 13

What Neuroglia is found in the CNS?

Answer 13

Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells

Question 14

what neuroglia is found in the PNS?

Answer 14

Schwann, and satellite cells

Question 15

What is the function of astrocytes?

Answer 15

support neurons and connect them to nutrient rich capillaries. Regulate ion balance in extracellular fluid, forms blood brain barrier that prevents harmful substance from passing into brain.

Question 16

what is the function of Oligodendrocytes?

Answer 16

create the myelin sheaths that protect CNS neurons and increases conduction speed, wraps its cell membrane around CNS axons to form sheath.

Question 17

What is the function of Microglia cells?

Answer 17

Immunity cells, provide support by using phagocytosis to remove pathogens that pass into the brain

Question 18

what is the function of Ependymal cells?

Answer 18

Line the central cavities of brain and spinal cord, produce and circulate cerebral spinal fluid.

Question 19

What is the function of Schwann cells?

Answer 19

form the myelin sheaths around the axons in peripheral nerves and regenerates damaged axons

Question 20

what is the function of satellite cells?

Answer 20

supports neurons, maintains homeostatic environment (regulatory)

Question 21

Function of a Neuron?

Answer 21

transfer messages through the body

Question 22

what happens in the neuron before the impulse is sent down the axon to the synapse?

Answer 22

the neuron is polarized with a net positive charge outside the neuron, and a negative charge inside

Question 23

what happens as signal passes along the axon?

Answer 23

the membrane depolarizes and re polarizes again

Question 24

what happens when the signal reaches the axon terminal?

Answer 24

the change in polarity trigger the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic cell

Question 25

what is resting potential?

Answer 25

the state of a neuron when it is not transmitting a signal

Question 26

what is the charge of the resting neuron?

Answer 26

it is polarized, with a negative charge inside the cell and positive charge outside the cell

Question 27

what causes charged ions to enter the cell, depolarizing it?

Answer 27

Stimulus

Question 28

what transmits the action potential down the neuron?

Answer 28

the depolarization that travels down the axon

Question 29

what are neurotransmitters?

Answer 29

chemicals released at synapse that regulate the activity of muscles, glands and other neurons

Question 30

what does excitatory neurotransmitters encourage?

Answer 30

the transmission of an action potential

Question 31

what does inhibitory neurotransmitters inhibit?

Answer 31

transmission in general

Question 32

what Is Acetylcholine?

Answer 32

wide spread neurotransmitter found in the CNS and neuromuscular junction between peripheral nerves and muscles?

Question 33

What is Epinephrine and Norepinephrine?

Answer 33

function as both neurotransmitters and hormones, in the CNS, produced in adrenal glands and secreted.

Question 34

What is Dopamine?

Answer 34

Brain neurotransmitter that regulates skeletal muscles and emotional responses