Neurons Flashcards

(14 cards)

1
Q

What direction can information pass through a neuron?

A

Unidirectionally

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2
Q

What are the three coverings of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Endoneurium - covers the axon and is involved with Schwann cells
Perineurium - surrounds groups of axons known as fascicles
Epineurium - robust connective tissue that surrounds fascicles and contains blood vessels

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3
Q

What is chromatolysis?

A

When Nissl bodies (for protein synthesis) of the neuron begin to die therefore staining does not effectively occur

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4
Q

What are the functional groups of neurons?

A

Sensor (afferent) - AP towards CNS
Motor (efferent) - AP away from CNS
Interneurons - connect one neuron to the other

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5
Q

What are the structural group of neurons?

A

Unipolar - neurons with single process that often divide into two branches to CNS and peiphery
Bipolar - sensory neurons in retina of eye and olfactory system
Multipolar - most neurons in CNS eg motor neuron

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6
Q

What does an axo-dendritic synapse do?

A

Converts an electrical signal to a chemical one and then back to an electrical signal

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7
Q

What is convergence?

A

When pre-synaptic nerves converge onto one post synaptic neuron

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8
Q

What is divergence?

A

Most pre-synaptic nerve axons divide into branches and end on many post-synaptic neurons

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9
Q

What are the main types of neuroglia?

A

CNS: Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells microglia
PNS: Schwann cells

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10
Q

What is an astrocyte and what does it do?

A

Star-shaped cell that fills spaces between neurons and forms glial limitans
Regulates water, neurotransmitter and K+ levels
inhibits axon regeneration

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11
Q

What is the job of a oligodendrocyte?

A

‘many branched cell’ - it myelinates glia in CNS and inhibits axon regeneration

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12
Q

What does an ependymal cell do?

A

Line brain ventricles and spinal cord, specialised versions create the choroid plexus that secretes cerebrospinal fluid within the brain ventricles

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13
Q

What are microglia?

A

Specialised macrophages that respond to inflammation and remove necrotic tissue or foreign bodies in CNS

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14
Q

What are Schwann cells?

A

They wrap around one part of an axon in PNS to create myelin sheath, they can be phagocytic and promote axon regeneration
Myelin allows for rapid propagation of an action potential

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