Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

UM - Neuro Science > Neuropain and histology and Degeneration and Recovery of Function FINISH- E2 > Flashcards

Neuropain and histology and Degeneration and Recovery of Function FINISH- E2 Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the steps of an AP release at a synapse

A
  1. AP arrives @ presynaptic terminal
  2. Mem depol, opens VGCa++C
  3. Influx Ca++ causes mvmt synaptic vesicles containing NT toward release site
  4. Synaptic vesicles fuse w/mem and release NT
  5. NT diffuses across cleft
  6. NT binds to postsynaptic receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the 3 types of synapses

A

Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoasonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an axodendritic synapse

A

b/t axon pre and dendrite of post synaptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an axosomatic synapse

A

b/t axon pre and cell body post synaptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an axoaxonic synapse

A

b/t axon pre and axon post synaptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which synapses generate a local postsynaptic potential?

A

Neuromuscular
Axosomatic
Axodendritic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which synapses modulate the membrane potential of a postsynaptic cell

A

Axoaxonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do axoaxonic neurons regulate NT release?

A

They change the amount of Ca++ influx to the presynaptic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the steps of presynaptic inhibition

A
  • IN release NT
  • NT bind to presynaptic neuron, reduce Ca++ influx
  • Presynaptic neuron releases less NT when an AP arrives at its terminal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the steps of presynaptic facilitation

A
  • IN releases NT
  • NT bind to presynaptic neuron, increase Ca++ influx
  • Presynaptic neuron releases more NT when an AP potential arrives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define nociception

A

the neural process of encoding noxious stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

“free” peripheral nerve endings consisting of a series of spindle-shaped, thick segments linked by thin segments, creating a “string-of-beads” appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where can you find nociceptors?

A
  • skin
  • muscles
  • joints
  • viscera
  • mouth, dental
  • almost all types of tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you activate a nociceptor

A
  • Intense thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli from exogenous or endogenous sources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T or F: Nociceptors are unimodal

A

False - polymodal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What nerve cells are part of the double pain sensation

A

A delta neurons and C fiber neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of pain with…
a) A delta
B) C fiber

A

A) Initial, sharp, localized pain

B) Diffuse, prolonged, aching, dull pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What % of pain-transmitting fibers are….

a) A delta
b) C fiber

A

a) 80

b) 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of neurons are A delta and C fibers?

A

Unipolar neurons w/cell bodies in DRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which has a faster nerve conduction velocity? (A delta or C fibers)

A

A delta (30m/s) not C fibers (1-4 m/s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which fiber type (nerve) has associated autonomic responses

A

C fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which lamina of the SC do you find A delta and C fibers

A

Lamina I, II and V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do C and A delta neurons synapse on?

A

Transmission cells (T cells) in the substantia gelatinosa of the SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does the gate control mechanism of pain work

A

A-beta fibers synapse on the inhibitory interneuron to block out the synapse of the a-delta and c fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the severity of pain sensation determined by
The balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the T cells
26
What do the T cells synapse on
Efferent alpha motor neurons to cause mm contractions
27
What is responsible for the "pain-spasm-pain" cycle?
The C & A delta neurons synapsing on T cells that in turn synapse on efferent alpha motor neurons
28
What else do C & A delta neurons synapse on?
2nd order neurons - Autonomic neurons - Ascending sensory spinal cord tracts (to thal to sensory cortex)
29
Where does the lateral spinothalamic tract go to? | What does it transmit?
Medial thalamus | Sharp, localized pain
30
Where does the antero- spinothalamic tract go to? | What does it transmit?
Reticular formation, hypothalamus, and limbic system, all of which synapse on the lateral, ventral, and caudal thalamus Prolonged, aching pain
31
What does the thalamus do
Processes and relays pain afferent sensations to various brain structures
32
Pain interpretation in: | Sensory cortex
Conscious pain perception including location and quality of pain
33
Pain interpretation in: | Anterior and posterior cingulate gyri
Pain interpretation plus focus attn towards the cause of the pain and evaluates its significance
34
Pain interpretation in: | Temporal lobes
May start processes of storing memories associated w/pain
35
Pain interpretation in: | Hypothalamus
Autonomic responses to pain
36
Where is a NT synthesized
In the neuron cell body and then is transported to the presynaptic terminal
37
How are NT removed from the synaptic cleft?
Synaptic vesicle recycling
38
T or F: NT only excite the postsynaptic neuron
False! They excite or inhibit depending on the molecule released and the receptors present on the postsynaptic membrane
39
Which are fast- acting and why? A) NT that act directly B) NT that act indirectly
A) NT that act directly bc their effects are extremely short lived
40
Which are slow-acting and why? A) NT that act directly B) NT that act indirectly
B) NT that act indirectly bc their transmission requires 100ms to minutes
41
How do ligand gated channels and NT work together?
Like a lock and key w/NT as the key
42
How do indirect NT activate the ion channels?
By binding to a separate G-protein that will then activate the ion channel
43
What are the steps for signal transmission at the G-protein
1. Non-stim state, G prot complex assoc w/mem receptor 2. NT binds to mem receptor, causing a conform change and activation of G protein 3. GTP binds to G prot and conform change in the protein channel causes the channel to open, and ions (Na+) flow in 4. GDP released and channel closes
44
T or F: The G-protein can cause persistent opening of membrane channels
True!
45
What is a neuromodulator
It acts at a distance from the synapse and modulates the activity of many neurons at the same time, lasting minutes or days
46
What is an example of a NT and Neuromodulator duo?
NT: Glutamate NM: Substance P
47
List 2 types of AA
Glutamate | GABA
48
What are the most prevalent fast-acting neurotransmitters? What category are they?
GABA and Glutamate which are Amino Acids
49
Glutamate: a) Slow or fast b) Excitatory or Inhibitory c) What is it involved in d) What does overactivity cause
a) Fast b) Excitatory c) Learning and memory d) Seizures and too much may cause neuronal damage
50
GABA a) Slow or fast b) Excitatory or Inhibitory c) What is it involved in
a) Fast b) Inhibitory c) Preventing excessive neuronal activity
51
What do bartiburates mimic? | What are they used for?
GABA | Sedation and anticonvulsants
52
What does Baclofen do?
It is a mm relaxant | It increases the presynaptic release of GABA
53
What is ACh a) Slow or fast b) Excitatory or Inhibitory
A cholinergic NT a) Slow and Fast b) Fast-acting is Excitatory and Slow-acting is inhibitory
54
What are nicotinic and muscarinic receptors associated with?
ACh
55
``` Nicotinic Receptor A) what does it bind b) What is it linked to c) What type of response d) Located where? e) Mediates (excitation/inhibition?) ```
A) Nicotine b) Ion channels c) Fast and brief d) Neuromuscular junction, autonimic ganglia, some CNS e) Exciation
56
``` Muscarinic Receptor A) what does it bind b) What is it linked to c) What type of response d) Located where? e) Mediates (excitation/inhibition?) ```
a) Muscarine b) 2nd messenger G protein c) Slow and prolonged response d) Myocardial mm, smooth mm, and some CNS e) Both inhibition and excitation
57
T or F: ACh is a NT and a NM
True - as a neuromodulator it regulates locomotion and arousal, facilitates attention, memory and learning
58
Dopamine a) NT Type b) Excitatory or Inhibitory c) What is it involved in d) Where is it produced
a) Amine b) Inhibitory in CNS c) Motor A, motivation/reward, cognition d) SNc of BG
59
List the different types of amines
Histamine Norepinephrine Serotonin Dopamine
60
What is the dopamine projection system
a) BG - Movement b) Limibic - Reward/wanting & addiction c) prefrontal - working memory, attn
61
Which Neuro conditions are from an increase in dopamine
1) Lack of motivation Behaviours | 2) Schizophrenia
62
Which Neuro Conditions are from dec. DA
1) PD (dec. in BG) 2) Depression/cognitive 3) Drug addiction
63
What are the body's natural pain killers?
Peptides - the endogenous opioids
64
Opiopeptins a) NT Type b) Excitatory or Inhibitory c) What is it involved in d) How can the body increase these concentrations
A) Peptides B) Inhibitory c) Pain killing and altering the perception of pain d) EXERCISE
65
What is Substance P
A peptide that acts as both a NT and NM
66
Substance P's role as a NT
Binds NK-1 receptors in SC that then relay this info up the spinothalamic tract up to Broadman areas 1,2
67
What nerve cells release Substance P as a NT
Primary afferent C and A delta nerve fibers
68
What does Substance P co-transmit w/ and what does it do
Glutamate and substance P work together to cause pain signals to be sent to the brain and prolong the depolarization caused by glutamate
69
What is the dual role in pain management played by Substance P
It increases sensitivity to pain indirectly by its inflammatory effects AND it directly increases the recognition of pain
70
What is the centralization of pain vs peripheralization
Pain moving towards the center of the spine vs laterally away from the center of the spine/down the extremity

UM - Neuro Science (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions