neuropath

Question 8

Answer 8

Neuron. Large perikaryon; lots of nissl substance (RER), but abscent at axon hillock; large nucleus with prominant nucleolus and dispersed chromatin

Question 10

Answer 10

Astrocyte. Glial cell; major function is to wrap foot processes around the basement membrane of blood vessels and non-synaptic parts of neurons–nutrient exchange; short and highly branched in gray matter, sparse and straighter in white matter.

Question 12

Answer 12

astrocyte stained for GFAP

Question 13

(cells around neuron)

Answer 13

oligodendrocytes; myelinate CNS; smalelr, rounder, darker nucleus than astro; 2-3 normally found around neuron (excess is perineuronal satellitosis)

Question 14

Answer 14

ependymal cells. glial-derived epithelium lining ventricles and spinal canal. no basement membrane. absorptive/secretory/propulsive functions

Question 15

Answer 15

choroid plexus. gilal-derived secretory epithelium; long microvilli with few cells. many mitochondria, golgi, and basal nuclei

Question 17

Answer 17

red neurons. response to ischemic injury (12-24 hrs). shrunken soma, eosinophilia, loss of Nissl. nuclei often darker w/o nucleolus.

Question 18

Answer 18

lipofuscin. normal age-related process of oxidized fatty acid accumulation. don’t confuse with SN, DMX, or locus ceruleus of rostral pons (pigmented areas)

Question 19

Answer 19

flame-shaped cytoplasmic inclusions = neurofibrillary tangle in AD

Question 20

Answer 20

Lewy Body inclusions

Question 46

Answer 46

early abcess: PMN infiltration

Question 47

Answer 47

late abcess: PMN debris surrounded by fibroblastic collagenous

Question 48

Question 49

Answer 49

Acid-fast stain shows TB organisms

Question 50

Answer 50

microglial nodules (acute viral encephalitis)

Question 51

Answer 51

intranuclear inclusions (acute viral encephalitis)

Question 52

Answer 52

microglial nodule and neuronophagia (acute viral encephalitis)

Question 53

Answer 53

perivascular infiltrate (actue viral encephalitis)

Question 54

Answer 54

aseptic meningitis

Question 55

Answer 55

Negri bodies (circumscribed eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions). Rabies

Question 56

Answer 56

cysticercosis (taenia solium). from ingesting eggs. Parenchymal, meningeal, ventricular, spinal (rare) cysts

Question 57

Answer 57

naegleria fowleri. Primary amebic encephalitis. Fulminant, acute meningoencephalitis with swelling, hemorrhagic necrossis of frontal lobes. Path: unicellular organisms with vesicular nucleus in subarachnoid space

Question 58

Answer 58

zygomycosis (mucor). Classically DKA, rhinocerebral disease. wider, non-septate hyphae

Question 59

Answer 59

silver stain of aspergillus (thin, branching hyphae). Infiltrate blood vessels, causing vasculat thrombosis, hemorrhage, infarct with variable inflamm infiltrate. multiple lesions, early resemble hemorrhagic infarct, form abscesses, rarely fibrous ca[sule. Direct seeding of cranial cavity results in chronic, localized ingection with fibrosis/granuloma

Question 113

Answer 113

diffuse astrocytoma. scattered, pleomorphic, angulated, hypochromatic nuclei w/o mitoses

Question 114

Answer 114

gemistocytic variant diffuse astrocytoma (grade II). plump cells with glassy cytoplasm

Question 115

Answer 115

anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III): atypia + mitoses. foci of increased density/pleomorphism

Question 116

(tumor type and genetics)

Answer 116

glioblastoma (grade IV astrocytoma): high cellularity, atypia, mitoses, areas of necrosis and neovascularization. IDH 1/2 = 2ndry GBM. IDH 1 = better prognosis EGFR = probably primary TP53 = probably secondary

Question 117

(tumor type and genetics)

Answer 117

spony-cystic type pilocytic astrocytoma (non-infiltrating). 7q34 BRAF fusion

Question 118

(tumor type and genetics)

Answer 118

compact type pilocytic astrocytoma (non-infiltrating) with Rosenthal fibers 7q34 BRAF fusion

Question 123

Answer 123

homer wright rosettes (medulloblastoma--differentiated)

Question 124

Answer 124

dense round/ovoid nuceli = medullablastoma

Question 125

Answer 125

pseudorosettes surrounding blood vessels = ependymoma

Question 126

Answer 126

ependymoma

Question 127

Answer 127

fried egg + chicken wire = oligodendroglioma

Question 133

Answer 133

whorls with psammoma bodies = psammomatous meningioma

Question 134

Answer 134

whorls and cords = transitional meningioma